Pastry Chefs
Food Preparation & ServiceAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.17
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 91% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks onlyValues in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Adapt the quantity of ingredients to match the amount of items to be baked.O*NET Task ID 11922 | 1.0 |
Prepare or maintain inventory or production records.O*NET Task ID 11927 | 1.0 |
Develop new recipes for baked goods.O*NET Task ID 11931 | 1.0 |
Decorate baked goods, such as cakes or pastries.O*NET Task ID 11925 | 0.5 |
Direct or coordinate bakery deliveries.O*NET Task ID 11928 | 0.5 |
Order or receive supplies or equipment.O*NET Task ID 11929 | 0.5 |
Check products for quality, and identify damaged or expired goods.O*NET Task ID 20819 | 0.5 |
Observe color of products being baked, and adjust oven temperatures, humidity, or conveyor speeds accordingly.O*NET Task ID 11915 | 0.0 |
Set oven temperatures, and place items into hot ovens for baking.O*NET Task ID 11916 | 0.0 |
Combine measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking machinery.O*NET Task ID 11917 | 0.0 |
Measure or weigh flour or other ingredients to prepare batters, doughs, fillings, or icings, using scales or graduated containers.O*NET Task ID 11918 | 0.0 |
Roll, knead, cut, or shape dough to form sweet rolls, pie crusts, tarts, cookies, or other products.O*NET Task ID 11919 | 0.0 |
Place dough in pans, molds, or on sheets, and bake in production ovens or on grills.O*NET Task ID 11920 | 0.0 |
Check the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and specifications are met.O*NET Task ID 11921 | 0.0 |
Apply glazes, icings, or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas or brushes.O*NET Task ID 11923 | 0.0 |
Check equipment to ensure that it meets health and safety regulations, and perform maintenance or cleaning, as necessary.O*NET Task ID 11924 | 0.0 |
Set time and speed controls for mixing machines, blending machines, or steam kettles so that ingredients will be mixed or cooked according to instructions.O*NET Task ID 11926 | 0.0 |
Operate slicing or wrapping machines.O*NET Task ID 11930 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page