Proofreaders and Copy Markers
Office & Administrative SupportAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.178
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.51
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 17% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Correct or record omissions, errors, or inconsistencies found.O*NET Task ID 5158 | 1.0 |
Mark copy to indicate and correct errors in type, arrangement, grammar, punctuation, or spelling, using standard printers' marks.O*NET Task ID 5159 | 1.0 |
Read corrected copies or proofs to ensure that all corrections have been made.O*NET Task ID 5160 | 1.0 |
Compare information or figures on one record against same data on other records, or with original copy, to detect errors.O*NET Task ID 5161 | 1.0 |
Consult reference books or secure aid of readers to check references with rules of grammar and composition.O*NET Task ID 5162 | 1.0 |
Route proofs with marked corrections to authors, editors, typists, or typesetters for correction or reprinting.O*NET Task ID 5163 | 1.0 |
Read proof sheets aloud, calling out punctuation marks and spelling unusual words and proper names.O*NET Task ID 5165 | 1.0 |
Consult with authors and editors regarding manuscript changes and suggestions.O*NET Task ID 20907 | 1.0 |
Archive documents, conduct research, and read copy, using the internet and various computer programs.O*NET Task ID 20908 | 1.0 |
Write original content, such as headlines, cutlines, captions, and cover copy.O*NET Task ID 20909 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Related to This Occupation
Jul 2025: Brookings (Hui & Reshef, Jul 2025): freelancers offering copyediting, proofreading and other text-heavy services saw about 2% fewer new monthly contracts and 5% lower earnings after ChatGPT, and experienced, higher-rated freelancers lost more than junior ones, a result the authors call counterintuitive.
[Source: Brookings Institution (Hui & Reshef, 2025)]These summaries were written by AI Changing Work from the source linked with each one, and any figures in them are given as AI Changing Work summarised them; they can differ from the source's own wording and from figures shown elsewhere on this page, so check the source before relying on them. AI Changing Work matched this page's occupation to an O*NET occupation and chose, by its own judgment, case by case, which summaries relate to that O*NET occupation; a summary appearing here does not mean that its source names this occupation.