Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Analyze existing development or manufacturing procedures and suggest improvements.Details
17-2199
0.130028.3
0.03007.1
Analyze system performance or operational requirements.Details
17-2199
0.090019.6
0.260061.9
Provide scientific or technical guidance or expertise to scientists, engineers, technologists, technicians, or others, using knowledge of chemical, analytical, or biological processes as applied to micro and nanoscale systems.Details
17-2199
0.050010.9
0.00000.0
Provide consultation or training on topics such as mechatronics or automated control.Details
17-2199
0.04008.7
0.00000.0
Implement or test design solutions.Details
17-2199
0.03006.5
0.090021.4
Create embedded software design programs.Details
17-2199
0.03006.5
0.02004.8
Create or maintain formal engineering documents, such as schematics, bills of materials, components or materials specifications, or packaging requirements.Details
17-2199
0.02004.3
0.01002.4
Prepare reports, deliver presentations, or participate in program review activities to communicate engineering results or recommendations.Details
17-2199
0.02004.3
0.00000.0
Provide technical direction or support to installation teams during installation, start-up, testing, system commissioning, or performance monitoring.Details
17-2199
0.02004.3
0.00000.0
Review or approve designs, calculations, or cost estimates.Details
17-2199
0.01002.2
0.01002.4
Develop customer documentation, such as performance specifications, training manuals, or operating instructions.Details
17-2199
0.01002.2
0.00000.0
Prepare energy-related project reports or related documentation.Details
17-2199
0.01002.2
0.00000.0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Review or approve designs, calculations, or cost estimates.Details
O*NET Task ID 16512
1.0
Make system device lists or event timing charts.Details
O*NET Task ID 16513
1.0
Document robotic application development, maintenance, or changes.Details
O*NET Task ID 16514
1.0
Write algorithms or programming code for ad hoc robotic applications.Details
O*NET Task ID 16515
1.0
Create back-ups of robot programs or parameters.Details
O*NET Task ID 16516
1.0
Debug robotics programs.Details
O*NET Task ID 16521
1.0
Conduct research into the feasibility, design, operation, or performance of robotic mechanisms, components, or systems, such as planetary rovers, multiple mobile robots, reconfigurable robots, or man-machine interactions.Details
O*NET Task ID 16525
1.0
Design software to control robotic systems for applications, such as military defense or manufacturing.Details
O*NET Task ID 16528
1.0
Design robotic systems, such as automatic vehicle control, autonomous vehicles, advanced displays, advanced sensing, robotic platforms, computer vision, or telematics systems.Details
O*NET Task ID 16530
1.0
Provide technical support for robotic systems.Details
O*NET Task ID 16511
0.5
Process or interpret signals or sensor data.Details
O*NET Task ID 16517
0.5
Plan mobile robot paths and teach path plans to robots.Details
O*NET Task ID 16518
0.5
Design end-of-arm tooling.Details
O*NET Task ID 16522
0.5
Conduct research on robotic technology to create new robotic systems or system capabilities.Details
O*NET Task ID 16523
0.5
Automate assays on laboratory robotics.Details
O*NET Task ID 16524
0.5
Design automated robotic systems to increase production volume or precision in high-throughput operations, such as automated ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis or sorting, moving, or stacking production materials.Details
O*NET Task ID 16527
0.5
Design or program robotics systems for environmental clean-up applications to minimize human exposure to toxic or hazardous materials or to improve the quality or speed of clean-up operations.Details
O*NET Task ID 19667
0.5
Design robotics applications for manufacturers of green products, such as wind turbines or solar panels, to increase production time, eliminate waste, or reduce costs.Details
O*NET Task ID 19668
0.5
Evaluate robotic systems or prototypes.Details
O*NET Task ID 21058
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Engineering Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers engineering professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 214: Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology) or in Minor Group 215: Electrotechnology Engineers. For instance, the group includes those who conduct research and advise on or develop engineering procedures and solutions concerning workplace safety, biomedical engineering, optics, materials, nuclear power generation and explosives.
Tasks
In such cases tasks would include -
(a) applying knowledge of engineering to the design, development and evaluation of biological and health systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses and instrumentation;
(b) designing devices used in various medical procedures and imaging systems such as magnetic resonance imaging, and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions;
(c) designing components of optical instruments such as lenses, microscopes, telescopes, lasers, optical disc systems and other equipment that utilize the properties of light;
(d) designing, testing, and coordinating the development of explosive ordnance material to meet military procurement specifications;
(e) designing and overseeing construction and operation of nuclear reactors and power plants and nuclear fuels reprocessing and reclamation systems;
(f) designing and developing nuclear equipment such as reactor cores, radiation shielding and associated instrumentation and control mechanisms;
(g) assessing damage and providing calculations for marine salvage operations;
(h) studying and advising on engineering aspects of particular manufacturing processes, such as those related to glass, ceramics, textiles, leather products, wood and printing;
(i) identifying potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and devices.
Dismantling engineers research and plan the optimal way to dismantle industrial equipment, machinery and buildings that reached the end-of-life phase. They analyse the required work and schedule the various operations. They give team leaders instructions and supervise their work.
biomedical engineerESCO 2149.4.1
Biomedical engineers combine knowledge of engineering principles and biological findings for the development of medical treatments, medicaments, and general healthcare purposes. They can develop solutions ranging from the improvement of the components in conventional medicaments up to implants developments, and tissue treatment.
quantity surveyorESCO 2149.12
Quantity surveyors have under their helm complete management of the cost involved in building and construction projects from the inception of the project until the delivery. They strive for an efficient use of the resources whilst keeping an eye on quality, quality standards, and client's requirements.
renewable energy engineerESCO 2149.7.3
Renewable energy engineers research alternative sources of energy in order to design systems for renewable energy production. They strive to optimise energy production from renewable sources, and reduce production expenses and environmental strain. They design systems which focus on energy sustainability and efficiency.
component engineerESCO 2149.2.2
Component engineers design and envision the engineering development of different small parts composing a bigger project, machine, or process. They ensure that parts are not conflicting from an engineering perspective.
energy systems engineerESCO 2149.7.1
Energy systems engineers supervise the energy conversion and distribution processes. They analyse the energy supply and consumption efficiency developing new ways to improve the existing processes, taking into account both the technical and the financial aspects. They also study the environmental impact of energy usage and combine the production of renewable energy in the current power systems.
quality engineerESCO 2149.2.7
Quality engineers define quality standards for the creation of products or services. They check to make sure the products and services are in compliance with the quality standards and they coordinate quality improvements.
wood technology engineerESCO 2149.9.2
Wood technology engineers develop materials and components made of wood, construct production facilities and control and monitor the production. They also examine products and materials and advise customers.
research engineerESCO 2149.2.8
Research engineers combine research skills and knowledge of engineering principles aiming to improve through research, processes, techniques, products, and systems at large. They perform experiments, for instance of natural structures such as honeycombs or tear-resistant spiderwebs, before determining the viability of alternative methods on a larger scale.
solar energy engineerESCO 2149.7.4
Solar energy engineers design systems which generate electrical energy from sunlight, such as photovoltaic systems. They design and construct systems which optimise the energy output from solar power, and the sustainability of the production process of solar systems.
materials engineerESCO 2149.9
Materials engineers research and design new or improved materials for a diverse number of applications. They analyse the composition of materials, conduct experiments, and develop new materials for industry-specific use that can range from rubber, to textiles, glass, metals, and chemicals. They advise companies in damage assessments, quality assurance of materials, and recycling of materials.
fire prevention and protection engineerESCO 2149.8.1
Fire prevention and protection engineers study, design, and developed innovative solutions aimed to the prevention of fire and the protection of people, natural sites, and urban areas. They propose suitable materials for construction, clothing, or other applications and they design detection systems aiming to prevent fire or the propagation of it.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
-선박의 기본적인 특성, 구조 등을 개발, 연구, 설치하기 위하여 설계계획안, 설계서 등의 관련자료를 검토?분석한다.
-선박의 플랜트와 장비를 설계하고, 시공도와 설계도를 작성한다.
-선박의 성능을 평가하고, 설계변경 여부를 결정한다.
-이상적인 선체제작, 부력 및 안정성 유지를 위해 선체의 각 부분을 검사하고, 수선여부를 판단한다.
-차세대 선박인 초고속선, 초전도선 등을 비롯해 심해잠수정, 경항공모함 등에 관하여 연구, 개발한다.
[해양공학기술자]
-항만개발?임해공업단지조성?연안해양의 물리현상 등의 조사?관측을 목적으로 조석관측(해수면의 높이관측), 연속조류관측, 층별조류관측(해수층의 표?중?저별 유향유속관측), 수온?염분관측, 해수중의 부유사의 농도 및 입경조사, 해저질조사, 부표추적조사, 소류사의 양 및 방향 관측, 기타 수질관측과 기상관측을 통하여 환경영향평가 및 위치적 타당성을 검토한다.
-흙의 일반적인 성질과 압밀, 침하, 활동현상을 분석하고, 토압의 산정과 구조물의 하중에 대한 지지력을 추적하여 해안보전 시설물, 방파제, 방사제, 호안시설 등 해양구조물의 안정을 위한 합리적인 설계 및 도면작성, 재료선택, 시공 및 시공에 따른 오염물의 확산, 해안건설공사로 인한 생태계의 영향 등을 분석하여 관련 설계기술자(연구?개발)에게 자문해 준다.
고지대 작업(100) · 위험한 상태 노출(93) · 비좁은 업무 공간(90) · 몸을 구부리거나 비틀기(88) · 위험한 장비 노출(86)
Related occupations
산업안전원 및 위험관리원 · 소방공학 기술자 및 연구원
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +3.7%
Median wage: $123K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
