School Librarians
Education & TrainingAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.203
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.55
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 12% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.25-4021 | 0.128031.0 | 0.051028.3 |
Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.25-4021 | 0.063315.3 | 0.00532.9 |
Develop preproduction ideas and incorporate them into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics.25-9011 | 0.046411.2 | 0.020111.2 |
Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs.25-9011 | 0.043410.5 | —0 |
Design information storage and retrieval systems and develop procedures for collecting, organizing, interpreting, and classifying information.25-4021 | 0.02927.1 | 0.061534.2 |
Narrate presentations and productions.25-9011 | 0.02014.9 | 0.018010.0 |
Instruct users in the selection, use, and design of audio-visual materials and assist them in the preparation of instructional materials and the rehearsal of presentations.25-9011 | 0.01473.6 | 0.00191.1 |
Author or publish professional articles, internal documents, and instructional materials.25-4021 | 0.00812.0 | —0 |
Respond to customer complaints, taking action as necessary.25-4021 | 0.00771.9 | 0.00804.4 |
Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.25-4021 | 0.00681.6 | —0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 30 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services and provide information about library policies. | —0 | —0 |
Direct and train library staff in duties, such as receiving, shelving, researching, cataloging, and equipment use. | —0 | —0 |
Develop library policies and procedures. | —0 | —0 |
Evaluate materials to determine outdated or unused items to be discarded. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and deliver client-centered programs and services, such as special services for corporate clients, storytelling for children, newsletters, or programs for special groups. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and teach classes on topics such as information literacy, library instruction, and technology use. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with colleagues, faculty, and community members and organizations to conduct informational programs, make collection decisions, and determine library services to offer. | —0 | —0 |
Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations. | —0 | —0 |
Represent library or institution on internal and external committees. | —0 | —0 |
Check books in and out of the library. | —0 | —0 |
Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials based on subject matter or standard library classification systems. | —0 | —0 |
Arrange for interlibrary loans of materials not available in a particular library. | —0 | —0 |
Assemble and arrange display materials. | —0 | —0 |
Compile lists of overdue materials and notify borrowers that their materials are overdue. | —0 | —0 |
Negotiate contracts for library services, materials, and equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Provide input into the architectural planning of library facilities. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and participate in fundraising drives. | —0 | —0 |
Perform public relations work for the library, such as giving televised book reviews and community talks. | —0 | —0 |
Develop and maintain databases that provide information for library users. | —0 | —0 |
Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors. | —0 | —0 |
Supervise daily library operations, budgeting, planning, and personnel activities, such as hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluations. | —0 | —0 |
Complete minor repairs and cleaning of library resources, equipment, and facilities, such as dusting and fixing printer paper jams. | —0 | —0 |
Attend conventions and conferences, read trade journals, and communicate with industry insiders to keep abreast of industry developments. | —0 | —0 |
Perform simple maintenance tasks, such as cleaning monitors and lenses and changing batteries and light bulbs. | —0 | —0 |
Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production. | —0 | —0 |
Acquire, catalog, and maintain collections of audio-visual material such as films, video- and audio-tapes, photographs, and software programs. | —0 | —0 |
Install audio-visual equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Offer presentations and workshops on the role of multimedia in effective presentations. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with teachers to select course materials and to determine which training aids are best suited to particular grade levels. | —0 | —0 |
Construct and position properties, sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Teach library patrons basic computer skills, such as searching computerized databases.O*NET Task ID 22408 | 1.0 |
Code, classify, and catalog books, publications, films, audio-visual aids, and other library materials, based on subject matter or standard library classification systems.O*NET Task ID 22416 | 1.0 |
Explain use of library facilities, resources, equipment, and services, and provide information about library policies.O*NET Task ID 22418 | 1.0 |
Engage in professional development activities, such as taking continuing education classes and attending or participating in conferences, workshops, professional meetings, and associations.O*NET Task ID 22426 | 1.0 |
Maintain hardware and software, including computers, media equipment, scanners, color copiers, and color laser printers.O*NET Task ID 22435 | 1.0 |
Check books in and out of the library.O*NET Task ID 22407 | 0.5 |
Review and evaluate materials, using book reviews, catalogs, faculty recommendations, and current holdings to select and order print, audio-visual, and electronic resources.O*NET Task ID 22409 | 0.5 |
Keep up-to-date records of circulation and materials, maintain inventory, and correct cataloging errors.O*NET Task ID 22410 | 0.5 |
Search standard reference materials, including online sources and the Internet, to answer patrons' reference questions.O*NET Task ID 22411 | 0.5 |
Analyze patrons' requests to determine needed information and assist in furnishing or locating that information.O*NET Task ID 22412 | 0.5 |
Troubleshoot problems with audio-visual equipment.O*NET Task ID 22421 | 0.0 |
Represent library or institution on internal and external committees.O*NET Task ID 22431 | 0.0 |
Train faculty and media staff on the use of software and audio-visual equipment.O*NET Task ID 22436 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page