Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Construction, Maintenance & RepairAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.049
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 98% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks onlyValues in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required.O*NET Task ID 11544 | 0.5 |
Verify vertical and horizontal alignment of structural steel members, using plumb bobs, laser equipment, transits, or levels.O*NET Task ID 11545 | 0.0 |
Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors.O*NET Task ID 11546 | 0.0 |
Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place.O*NET Task ID 11548 | 0.0 |
Ride on girders or other structural steel members to position them, or use rope to guide them into position.O*NET Task ID 11549 | 0.0 |
Fabricate metal parts, such as steel frames, columns, beams, or girders, according to blueprints or instructions from supervisors.O*NET Task ID 11550 | 0.0 |
Pull, push, or pry structural steel members into approximate positions for bolting into place.O*NET Task ID 11551 | 0.0 |
Cut, bend, or weld steel pieces, using metal shears, torches, or welding equipment.O*NET Task ID 11552 | 0.0 |
Fasten structural steel members to hoist cables, using chains, cables, or rope.O*NET Task ID 11553 | 0.0 |
Assemble hoisting equipment or rigging, such as cables, pulleys, or hooks, to move heavy equipment or materials.O*NET Task ID 11554 | 0.0 |
Force structural steel members into final positions, using turnbuckles, crowbars, jacks, or hand tools.O*NET Task ID 11555 | 0.0 |
Erect metal or precast concrete components for structures, such as buildings, bridges, dams, towers, storage tanks, fences, or highway guard rails.O*NET Task ID 11556 | 0.0 |
Unload and position prefabricated steel units for hoisting, as needed.O*NET Task ID 11557 | 0.0 |
Drive drift pins through rivet holes to align rivet holes in structural steel members with corresponding holes in previously placed members.O*NET Task ID 11558 | 0.0 |
Dismantle structures or equipment.O*NET Task ID 11559 | 0.0 |
Insert sealing strips, wiring, insulating material, ladders, flanges, gauges, or valves, depending on types of structures being assembled.O*NET Task ID 11560 | 0.0 |
Catch hot rivets in buckets and insert rivets in holes, using tongs.O*NET Task ID 11561 | 0.0 |
Place blocks under reinforcing bars used to reinforce floors.O*NET Task ID 11562 | 0.0 |
Hold rivets while riveters use air hammers to form heads on rivets.O*NET Task ID 11563 | 0.0 |
Hoist steel beams, girders, or columns into place, using cranes or signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift and position structural steel members.O*NET Task ID 20795 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page