Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
Education & TrainingAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.33
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 63% score at or above this value.
- Data source: OpenAIPublished: 2023
0.083
0.000Range of values carried here0.844Scale, basis and source
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks onlyValues in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Answer students' questions.O*NET Task ID 22389 | 1.0 |
Distribute or collect tests or homework assignments.O*NET Task ID 22393 | 1.0 |
Follow lesson plans designed by absent teachers.O*NET Task ID 22396 | 1.0 |
Operate equipment such as computers or audio-visual aids to supplement presentations.O*NET Task ID 22398 | 1.0 |
Take class attendance and maintain attendance records.O*NET Task ID 22403 | 1.0 |
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, or teacher training workshops to improve professional competence.O*NET Task ID 22391 | 0.5 |
Grade students' assignments and exams.O*NET Task ID 22397 | 0.5 |
Teach a variety of subjects, such as English, mathematics, and social studies.O*NET Task ID 22404 | 0.5 |
Assist students with boarding or exiting school buses.O*NET Task ID 22390 | 0.0 |
Counsel students with adjustment or academic problems.O*NET Task ID 22392 | 0.0 |
Distribute teaching materials, such as textbooks, workbooks, papers, and pencils, to students.O*NET Task ID 22394 | 0.0 |
Enforce school and class rules to maintain order in the classroom.O*NET Task ID 22395 | 0.0 |
Organize and supervise games or other recreational activities.O*NET Task ID 22399 | 0.0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, or assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.O*NET Task ID 22400 | 0.0 |
Restock teaching materials or supplies.O*NET Task ID 22401 | 0.0 |
Supervise students during activities outside the classroom, such as recess, lunch, and field trips.O*NET Task ID 22402 | 0.0 |
Teach social skills to students, such as communication, conflict resolution, and etiquette.O*NET Task ID 22405 | 0.0 |
Tutor or assist students individually or in small groups.O*NET Task ID 22406 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page