Switchboard Operators
Office & Administrative SupportAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.386
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.54
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 13% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Record messages, suggesting rewording for clarity or conciseness.43-2011 | 0.016960.1 | 0.016029.7 |
Perform various data entry or word processing tasks, such as updating phone directories, typing or proofreading documents, or creating schedules.43-2011 | 0.004716.7 | 0.00397.2 |
Perform administrative tasks, such as accepting orders, scheduling appointments or meeting rooms, or sending and receiving faxes.43-2011 | 0.003512.5 | 0.006111.3 |
Answer incoming calls, greeting callers, providing information, transferring calls or taking messages as necessary.43-2011 | 0.003010.7 | 0.013124.3 |
Operate communication systems, such as telephone, switchboard, intercom, two-way radio, or public address. | —0 | 0.006111.3 |
Monitor alarm systems to ensure that secure conditions are maintained. | —0 | 0.00539.9 |
Keep records of calls placed and charges incurred. | —0 | 0.00336.1 |
| Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Page individuals to inform them of telephone calls, using paging or interoffice communication equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Relay or route written or verbal messages. | —0 | —0 |
Place telephone calls or arrange conference calls as instructed. | —0 | —0 |
Process incoming or outgoing mail, packages, or deliveries. | —0 | —0 |
Contact security staff members when necessary, using radio-telephones. | —0 | —0 |
Stamp messages with time and date and file them appropriately. | —0 | —0 |
Answer simple questions about clients' businesses, using reference files. | —0 | —0 |
Complete forms for sales orders. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor emergency and code alarms, make emergency announcements, or route emergency calls to the appropriate location. | —0 | —0 |
Greet visitors, log them in and out of the facility, assign them security badges, and contact employee escorts. | —0 | —0 |
Perform various cash handling tasks, such as collecting payments, making bank deposits, or managing petty cash. | —0 | —0 |
Place orders, such as for equipment, supplies, or catering for meetings. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Operate communication systems, such as telephone, switchboard, intercom, two-way radio, or public address.O*NET Task ID 4630 | 1.0 |
Page individuals to inform them of telephone calls, using paging or interoffice communication equipment.O*NET Task ID 4633 | 1.0 |
Relay or route written or verbal messages.O*NET Task ID 4634 | 1.0 |
Place telephone calls or arrange conference calls as instructed.O*NET Task ID 4635 | 1.0 |
Keep records of calls placed and charges incurred.O*NET Task ID 4639 | 1.0 |
Record messages, suggesting rewording for clarity or conciseness.O*NET Task ID 4640 | 1.0 |
Stamp messages with time and date and file them appropriately.O*NET Task ID 4641 | 1.0 |
Answer simple questions about clients' businesses, using reference files.O*NET Task ID 4642 | 1.0 |
Complete forms for sales orders.O*NET Task ID 4643 | 1.0 |
Perform various data entry or word processing tasks, such as updating phone directories, typing or proofreading documents, or creating schedules.O*NET Task ID 20427 | 1.0 |
Monitor alarm systems to ensure that secure conditions are maintained.O*NET Task ID 4637 | 0.0 |
Contact security staff members when necessary, using radio-telephones.O*NET Task ID 4638 | 0.0 |
Process incoming or outgoing mail, packages, or deliveries.O*NET Task ID 20428 | 0.0 |
Greet visitors, log them in and out of the facility, assign them security badges, and contact employee escorts.O*NET Task ID 20431 | 0.0 |
Perform various cash handling tasks, such as collecting payments, making bank deposits, or managing petty cash.O*NET Task ID 20432 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page