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AI exposure

  • Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08

    Very high· relative

    LowFour relative bandsVery high

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)

    831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band

    Source dataset (XLSX download)

  • Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03

    0.128

    0.000Range of values carried here0.745
    Scale, basis and source

    Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published

    Mapped onto O*NET tasks

    Source dataset

  • Data source: ILOPublished: 2025

    0.49

    0.09Range of values carried here0.70

    Group-level value

    Scale, basis and source

    Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published

    ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value

    Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 21% score at or above this value.

    Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

TaskβE1 + 0.5 × E2
Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.

O*NET Task ID 7358

1.0
Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.

O*NET Task ID 7365

1.0
Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.

O*NET Task ID 7366

1.0
Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.

O*NET Task ID 7359

0.5
Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients' taxes to a minimum.

O*NET Task ID 7360

0.5
Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances.

O*NET Task ID 7361

0.5
Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.

O*NET Task ID 7362

0.5
Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.

O*NET Task ID 7363

0.5
Consult tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedures for preparation of atypical returns.

O*NET Task ID 7364

0.5
Answer questions and provide future tax planning to clients.

O*NET Task ID 20363

0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information