Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

Código O*NET-SOC: 23-2093.00

Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.

Fuente de datos: BLSPublicado: 2026-08
Alto· relativa
BajoCuatro bandas relativasMuy alto
Valor por grupo ocupacional
Escala, base y fuente
Cuatro bandas relativas (Bajo / Moderado / Alto / Muy alto)
831 ocupaciones detalladas de la tabla de proyecciones de empleo de BLS. El valor se asigna por código de la National Employment Matrix (NEM), de modo que las ocupaciones que comparten un código NEM reciben la misma banda
Conjunto de datos de origen (descarga XLSX)
Fuente de datos: AnthropicPublicado: 2026-03
0,022
0,000Rango de los valores aquí recogidos0,745
Escala, base y fuente
Índice de exposición observada, 0–1 tal como se publica
Mapeado sobre tareas de O*NET
Publicado por ocupación SOC 2018; toda ocupación O*NET con el mismo código SOC 2018 recibe este valor
Conjunto de datos de origen (descarga CSV)
Fuente de datos: ILOPublicado: 2025
0,39
0,09Rango de los valores aquí recogidos0,70
Valor por grupo ocupacional
Escala, base y fuente
Índice de exposición a la IA generativa, 0–1 tal como se publica
Publicado por grupo primario ISCO-08. Vinculado a esta ocupación, total o parcialmente, aplicando tal como se publicaron las tablas de correspondencia de la U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (ISCO-08 a SOC 2010, SOC 2010 a SOC 2018)
Conjunto de datos de origen (descarga PDF)

Qué tipo de cifra publica esta fuente

La categoría de BLS es un rango relativo, no un nivel absoluto, y tampoco es una medición de primera mano: agrupa en cuatro bandas los rangos percentiles de la ocupación en varios estudios publicados. No es una previsión de empleo ni de salarios, no es una probabilidad de adopción y no distingue entre automatización y aumento.

Task-level exposure

Solo tareas expuestas

17 tareas evaluadas · 16 tareas con β ≥ 0,5 (94,1%)

β = exposición directa (E1) + 0,5 × exposición con herramientas disponibles (E2), según la definición del repositorio de origen.

Unidad de origen: tareas de O*NET 27.2 → código de ocupación de O*NET 31.0
Todas las tareas puntuadas figuran en la lista de tareas de O*NET 31.0.

Fuente: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Versión: gh-main-0471612
Licencia: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books so that they can be used in examinations, or as proofs or ready reference. 23-2093.00	0.032757.5
Prepare real estate closing statements, using knowledge and expertise in real estate procedures. 23-2093.00	0.014625.7
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities, and outlining actions needed to clear titles. 23-2093.00	0.007813.7
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies based on information compiled from title searches. 23-2093.00	0.00173.1
Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it.	—0
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions.	—0
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties.	—0
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles.	—0
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use.	—0
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable.	—0
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems.	—0
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or update existing ones.	—0
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary.	—0
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices.	—0
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations.	—0
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation such as the Land Titles Act.	—0
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents.	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties. O*NET Task ID 9232	1.0
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles. O*NET Task ID 9233	1.0
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or to update existing ones. O*NET Task ID 9238	1.0
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it. O*NET Task ID 9230	0.5
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions. O*NET Task ID 9231	0.5
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use. O*NET Task ID 9234	0.5
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities and outlining actions needed to clear titles. O*NET Task ID 9235	0.5
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable. O*NET Task ID 9236	0.5
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary. O*NET Task ID 9239	0.5
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices. O*NET Task ID 9240	0.5
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies, based on information compiled from title searches. O*NET Task ID 9241	0.5
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books for use in examinations or as proofs or ready reference. O*NET Task ID 9242	0.5
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations. O*NET Task ID 9243	0.5
Prepare real estate closing statements, using knowledge and expertise in real estate procedures. O*NET Task ID 9244	0.5
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation, such as the Land Titles Act. O*NET Task ID 9245	0.5
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents. O*NET Task ID 9246	0.5
Ver 6 tareas más ▾Ver menos ▴
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems. O*NET Task ID 9237	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Todas las tareas de O*NET 31.0 (17)

Todas las tareas de O*NET 31.0 de esta ocupación (en inglés, tal como se publicaron; tipo de tarea principal o complementaria). Los valores de exposición no figuran en esta lista; están en la tabla de arriba, junto a cada tarea con la redacción de la versión de O*NET que usó cada fuente.

Tarea (O*NET 31.0)	Tipo
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it.	Principal
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions.	Principal
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties.	Principal
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles.	Principal
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use.	Principal
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities and outlining actions needed to clear titles.	Principal
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable.	Principal
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems.	Principal
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or to update existing ones.	Principal
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary.	Principal
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices.	Principal
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies, based on information compiled from title searches.	Principal
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books for use in examinations or as proofs or ready reference.	Principal
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations.	Principal
Prepare real estate closing statements, using knowledge and expertise in real estate procedures.	Complementaria
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation, such as the Land Titles Act.	Complementaria
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents.	Complementaria

Perspectivas de empleo (BLS)

Empleo, 2025: 60K
Empleo proyectado, 2035: 61K
Variación (2025–35): +2,1%
Salario anual mediano, 2025: $58.650
Formación habitual para acceder: High school diploma or equivalent

mínimo $30.890rango del salario mediano de 825 ocupaciones detalladas, BLS EP 2025–35máximo $559.030

Fuente: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Vínculos con la clasificación coreana (KSCO)

Vínculos de la versión vigente de Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, elaborado por AI Changing Work. Los valores de relación se leen desde la ocupación O*NET-SOC.

Código KSCO	Nombre KSCO	Relación	Estado
27131	법무사	Relacionada, no equivalente	confirmado

Definiciones de relación y estado(kr-direct v1.1)

Descripción ocupacional de la OIT

AI Changing Work vincula a esta ocupación los grupos primarios de la ISCO-08 que figuran abajo aplicando, tal como se publicaron, las tablas de correspondencia de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales de EE. UU. (BLS) (SOC 2018 a SOC 2010, SOC 2010 a ISCO-08), sin selección caso por caso; cada vínculo puede ser total o parcial.

ISCO-08 3411Legal and Related Associate Professionals
Profesionales de nivel medio del derecho y servicios legales y afines

Ver original

La definición, las tareas y los ejemplos que siguen son la descripción que hace la OIT de ese grupo primario, no de esta ocupación.

Legal and related associate professionals perform support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions or conduct investigations for clients.

Tareas

(a) documenting court proceedings and judgements;
(b) serving statements of claims, summonses, warrants, subpoenas and other court orders;
(c) maintaining order in court and hearing rooms;
(d) preparing legal documents including trial briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills and contracts and preparing, papers summarizing legal positions or setting out conditions of loans or insurance;
(e) investigating facts, assembling evidence and researching relevant statutes, decisions and other legal documents to prepare cases;
(f) advising clients on legal matters;
(g) examining documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgements, easements, contracts and maps in order to verify properties’ legal descriptions and ownership;
(h) preparing documents relating to transfer of real estate, stocks or other matters requiring formal registration;
(i) investigating possible cases of theft of goods, money or information from business establishments and of other possible cases of unlawful behaviour by customers or employees;
(j) investigating establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons on behalf of clients.

Ocupaciones de ejemplo

Bailiff · Conveyancing clerk · Court clerk · Judge’s clerk · Justice of the peace · Law clerk · Legal assistant · Paralegal · Private detective · Title searcher

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

Vocabulario ocupacional ESCO

Cada entrada de abajo está emparejada con esta ocupación en el ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk publicado (versión 1, 2022). Los tipos de correspondencia son los de esa tabla; la redacción es de AI Changing Work.

asesor jurídico en transacciones inmobiliarias/asesora jurídica en transacciones inmobiliariasESCO 3334.2.1Esta ocupación es más amplia
Los asesores jurídicos en transacciones inmobiliarias gestionan y estudian toda la documentación necesaria para la venta de un bien inmueble, incluidos los contratos, las declaraciones de liquidación, las hipotecas, las pólizas de seguro de bienes inmuebles, etc. Garantizan el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales y revisan todas las tasas relacionadas con el proceso de venta de bienes inmuebles.
empleado responsable de transmisiones patrimoniales/empleada responsable de transmisiones patrimonialesESCO 3411.2Se solapan, no son iguales
Los empleados responsables de transmisiones patrimoniales prestan servicios para la transferencia legal de títulos y propiedades jurídicos entre las partes. Intercambian los contratos necesarios y garantizan la transferencia de todas las propiedades, títulos y derechos.

Fuente: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

Licencia: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

Ver original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

Vínculos con la clasificación francesa (ROME)

Vínculos entre esta ocupación y fichas ROME 4.0, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación. Los vínculos marcados como «provisional» se adoptaron basándose únicamente en los juicios de dos evaluadores de la misma familia de modelos (Claude), o mediante una regla del operador aplicada a esos juicios, por lo que se sustentan en evidencia más débil que los vínculos confirmados.

Código ROME	Denominación ROME (francés)	Relación
K1508	Agent / Agente de conservation des hypothèques	Relacionada, no equivalenteprovisional
K1902	Clerc de notaire	Relacionada, no equivalenteprovisional
K1912	Formaliste	Relacionada, no equivalenteprovisional

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Vínculos con la clasificación española (CNO-11)

Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones CNO-11, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.

Código CNO-11	Denominación CNO-11 (español)	Relación
3711	Profesionales de apoyo de servicios jurídicos y servicios similares	Esta ocupación es más estrechaprovisional
2591	Notarios y registradores	Relacionada, no equivalenteprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Vínculos con la clasificación alemana (KldB)

Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones KldB, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.

Código KldB	Denominación KldB (alemán)	Relación
73112	Assistenzkräfte in Rechtsanwaltskanzlei und Notariat - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Relacionada, no equivalente

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Vínculos con la clasificación japonesa (JSCO)

Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones JSCO, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.

Código JSCO	Denominación JSCO (japonés)	Relación
175	司法書士	Relacionada, no equivalente
259	その他の一般事務従事者	Relacionada, no equivalente

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Fuentes de datos y licencias de esta página, y avisos de modificación y traducción de AI Changing Work: Créditos y fuentes