Food Preparation Workers
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations- Código O*NET-SOC
- 35-2021.00
Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea.
- Fuente de datos: BLSPublicado: 2026-08
Bajo· relativa
BajoCuatro bandas relativasMuy altoValor por grupo ocupacional
Escala, base y fuente
Cuatro bandas relativas (Bajo / Moderado / Alto / Muy alto)
831 ocupaciones detalladas de la tabla de proyecciones de empleo de BLS. El valor se asigna por código de la National Employment Matrix (NEM), de modo que las ocupaciones que comparten un código NEM reciben la misma banda
- Fuente de datos: AnthropicPublicado: 2026-03
0,000
0,000Rango de los valores aquí recogidos0,745Escala, base y fuente
Índice de exposición observada, 0–1 tal como se publica
Mapeado sobre tareas de O*NET
Publicado por ocupación SOC 2018; toda ocupación O*NET con el mismo código SOC 2018 recibe este valor
- Fuente de datos: ILOPublicado: 2025
0,13
0,09Rango de los valores aquí recogidos0,70Valor por grupo ocupacional
Escala, base y fuente
Índice de exposición a la IA generativa, 0–1 tal como se publica
Publicado por grupo primario ISCO-08. Vinculado a esta ocupación, total o parcialmente, aplicando tal como se publicaron las tablas de correspondencia de la U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (ISCO-08 a SOC 2010, SOC 2010 a SOC 2018)
Qué tipo de cifra publica esta fuente
La categoría de BLS es un rango relativo, no un nivel absoluto, y tampoco es una medición de primera mano: agrupa en cuatro bandas los rangos percentiles de la ocupación en varios estudios publicados. No es una previsión de empleo ni de salarios, no es una probabilidad de adopción y no distingue entre automatización y aumento.
Task-level exposure
Solo tareas expuestas31 tareas evaluadas · 2 tareas con β ≥ 0,5 (6,5%)
β = exposición directa (E1) + 0,5 × exposición con herramientas disponibles (E2), según la definición del repositorio de origen.
- Unidad de origen: tareas de O*NET 27.2 → código de ocupación de O*NET 31.0
- Todas las tareas puntuadas figuran en la lista de tareas de O*NET 31.0.
- Fuente
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Versión
- gh-main-0471612
- Licencia
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage.35-2021.00 | 0.009952.9 |
Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas.35-2021.00 | 0.003116.6 |
Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items.35-2021.00 | 0.002915.5 |
Keep records of the quantities of food used.35-2021.00 | 0.002815.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 26 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Portion and wrap the food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons. | —0 |
Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets. | —0 |
Weigh or measure ingredients. | —0 |
Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers. | —0 |
Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas. | —0 |
Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches. | —0 |
Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods. | —0 |
Stir and strain soups and sauces. | —0 |
Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads. | —0 |
Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware. | —0 |
Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures. | —0 |
Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers. | —0 |
Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving. | —0 |
Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items. | —0 |
Package take-out foods or serve food to customers. | —0 |
Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals. | —0 |
Prepare and serve a variety of beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks. | —0 |
Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers. | —0 |
Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers. | —0 |
Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines. | —0 |
Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving. | —0 |
Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking. | —0 |
Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments. | —0 |
Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients. | —0 |
Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change. | —0 |
Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Keep records of the quantities of food used.O*NET Task ID 2216 | 1.0 |
Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items.O*NET Task ID 18732 | 0.5 |
Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage.O*NET Task ID 2197 | 0.0 |
Package take-out foods or serve food to customers.O*NET Task ID 2199 | 0.0 |
Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons.O*NET Task ID 2200 | 0.0 |
Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets.O*NET Task ID 2201 | 0.0 |
Weigh or measure ingredients.O*NET Task ID 2203 | 0.0 |
Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items.O*NET Task ID 2204 | 0.0 |
Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas.O*NET Task ID 2206 | 0.0 |
Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals.O*NET Task ID 2207 | 0.0 |
Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers.O*NET Task ID 2208 | 0.0 |
Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks.O*NET Task ID 2209 | 0.0 |
Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas.O*NET Task ID 2210 | 0.0 |
Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches.O*NET Task ID 2211 | 0.0 |
Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers.O*NET Task ID 2212 | 0.0 |
Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods.O*NET Task ID 2213 | 0.0 |
Stir and strain soups and sauces.O*NET Task ID 2214 | 0.0 |
Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers.O*NET Task ID 2215 | 0.0 |
Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines.O*NET Task ID 2217 | 0.0 |
Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving.O*NET Task ID 2218 | 0.0 |
Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking.O*NET Task ID 2219 | 0.0 |
Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments.O*NET Task ID 2220 | 0.0 |
Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads.O*NET Task ID 2221 | 0.0 |
Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients.O*NET Task ID 2222 | 0.0 |
Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware.O*NET Task ID 18728 | 0.0 |
Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures.O*NET Task ID 18729 | 0.0 |
Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers.O*NET Task ID 18730 | 0.0 |
Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving.O*NET Task ID 18731 | 0.0 |
Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change.O*NET Task ID 18733 | 0.0 |
Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor.O*NET Task ID 18734 | 0.0 |
Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets.O*NET Task ID 21005 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Todas las tareas de O*NET 31.0 (31)
Todas las tareas de O*NET 31.0 de esta ocupación (en inglés, tal como se publicaron; tipo de tarea principal o complementaria). Los valores de exposición no figuran en esta lista; están en la tabla de arriba, junto a cada tarea con la redacción de la versión de O*NET que usó cada fuente.
| Tarea (O*NET 31.0) | Tipo |
|---|---|
| Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage. | Principal |
| Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons. | Principal |
| Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets. | Principal |
| Weigh or measure ingredients. | Principal |
| Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items. | Principal |
| Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas. | Principal |
| Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals. | Principal |
| Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers. | Principal |
| Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks. | Principal |
| Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas. | Principal |
| Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches. | Principal |
| Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers. | Principal |
| Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods. | Principal |
| Stir and strain soups and sauces. | Principal |
| Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines. | Principal |
| Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments. | Principal |
| Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads. | Principal |
| Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware. | Principal |
| Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures. | Principal |
| Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers. | Principal |
| Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving. | Principal |
| Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items. | Principal |
| Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor. | Principal |
| Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets. | Principal |
| Package take-out foods or serve food to customers. | Complementaria |
| Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers. | Complementaria |
| Keep records of the quantities of food used. | Complementaria |
| Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving. | Complementaria |
| Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking. | Complementaria |
| Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients. | Complementaria |
| Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change. | Complementaria |
1,03/ 3· Índice de exposición a robots
Escala, base y fuente
Cada tarea física se califica de 0 a 3 según el entorno en el que robots ya implantados, vendidos o demostrados podrían realizarla (0 ninguno · 1 entornos diseñados para robots, como una celda de máquinas vallada o una línea de embotellado · 2 instalaciones estructuradas, como una farmacia hospitalaria o un puerto de contenedores · 3 entornos no estructurados, como un hogar particular o una obra de construcción), y las calificaciones se promedian según la proporción del tiempo de trabajo
Tareas físicas entre las tareas O*NET 29.3 de esta ocupación
Anthropic estimó las calificaciones y las proporciones de tiempo con Claude Opus 5 mediante búsqueda web (situación en 2026).
El índice de exposición a robots es una medida distinta de las cifras de exposición a la IA de este sitio y no puede sumarse a ellas ni compararse con ellas. No mide la adopción real ni el coste, y el 0 también incluye ocupaciones sin tareas físicas.
Calificación de cada tarea física
Niveles de entorno robótico (E0–E3)
E0 ningunoDetalles
Calificada como no realizable por robots que se han implantado, vendido o demostrado, ni siquiera en un entorno diseñado para robots
E1 entornos diseñados para robotsDetalles
Calificada como realizable en un entorno construido en torno a la máquina, como una celda de máquinas vallada o una línea de embotellado
E2 instalaciones estructuradasDetalles
Calificada como realizable en una instalación de trabajo de personas que una institución mantiene según un estándar de trabajo, como una farmacia hospitalaria o un puerto de contenedores
E3 entornos no estructuradosDetalles
Calificada como realizable en un entorno que ninguna institución mantiene según un estándar de trabajo, como un hogar particular o una obra de construcción
Solo se enumeran las tareas clasificadas como físicas; las demás tareas no tienen nivel en la fuente.
| Tarea (O*NET 29.3) | Nivel de entorno robótico |
|---|---|
| Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Weigh or measure ingredients. | E2 instalaciones estructuradas |
| Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Stir and strain soups and sauces. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines. | E2 instalaciones estructuradas |
| Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments. | E2 instalaciones estructuradas |
| Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers. | E0 ninguno |
| Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Package take-out foods or serve food to customers. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking. | E1 entornos diseñados para robots |
| Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients. | E0 ninguno |
| Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change. | E2 instalaciones estructuradas |
Información ocupacional
Perspectivas de empleo (BLS)
- Empleo, 2025
- 909K
- Empleo proyectado, 2035
- 881K
- Variación (2025–35)
- -3%
- Salario anual mediano, 2025
- $35.320
- Formación habitual para acceder
- No formal educational credential
Vínculos con la clasificación coreana (KSCO)
Vínculos de la versión vigente de Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, elaborado por AI Changing Work. Los valores de relación se leen desde la ocupación O*NET-SOC.
| Código KSCO | Nombre KSCO | Relación | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95220 | 주방 보조원 | Mismo alcance | confirmado |
| 71060 | 도시락 제조원 | Relacionada, no equivalente | confirmado |
Definiciones de relación y estado(kr-direct v1.1)
Descripción ocupacional de la OIT
AI Changing Work vincula a esta ocupación los grupos primarios de la ISCO-08 que figuran abajo aplicando, tal como se publicaron, las tablas de correspondencia de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales de EE. UU. (BLS) (SOC 2018 a SOC 2010, SOC 2010 a ISCO-08), sin selección caso por caso; cada vínculo puede ser total o parcial.
- ISCO-08 9412Kitchen Helpers
Ayudantes de cocina
La definición, las tareas y los ejemplos que siguen son la descripción que hace la OIT de ese grupo primario, no de esta ocupación.
Kitchen helpers clear tables, clean kitchen areas, wash dishes, prepare ingredients and perform other duties to assist workers who prepare or serve food and beverages.
Tareas
- (a) cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas;
- (b) assisting cooks and chefs in preparation of food by washing, peeling, chopping, cutting, measuring and mixing ingredients;
- (c) assembling dishes for service;
- (d) unpacking checking, transferring, weighing and storing supplies in refrigerators, cupboards and other storage areas;
- (e) washing dishes and cooking utensils and putting them away;
- (f) preparing, cooking, toasting and heating simple food items.
Ocupaciones de ejemplo
Hand dishwasher · Kitchen assistant · Kitchen hand · Kitchen porter · Kitchen steward · Pantry attendant
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
Vocabulario ocupacional ESCO
Cada entrada de abajo está emparejada con esta ocupación en el ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk publicado (versión 1, 2022). Los tipos de correspondencia son los de esa tabla; la redacción es de AI Changing Work.
- ayudante de cocinaESCO 9412.1Mismo alcance
Los ayudantes de cocina ayudan en la preparación de alimentos y la limpieza de la zona de cocina.
Fuente: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
Licencia: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Vínculos con la clasificación francesa (ROME)
Vínculos entre esta ocupación y fichas ROME 4.0, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación. Los vínculos marcados como «provisional» se adoptaron basándose únicamente en los juicios de dos evaluadores de la misma familia de modelos (Claude), o mediante una regla del operador aplicada a esos juicios, por lo que se sustentan en evidencia más débil que los vínculos confirmados.
| Código ROME | Denominación ROME (francés) | Relación |
|---|---|---|
| G1608 | Ecailler / Ecaillère | Esta ocupación es más amplia |
| G1602 | Commis / Commise de cuisine | Se solapan, no son iguales |
| G1607 | Employé / Employée de restauration collective | Se solapan, no son iguales |
| D1103 | Charcutier-traiteur / Charcutière-traiteuse | Relacionada, no equivalenteprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Vínculos con la clasificación española (CNO-11)
Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones CNO-11, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.
| Código CNO-11 | Denominación CNO-11 (español) | Relación |
|---|---|---|
| 9310 | Ayudantes de cocina | Esta ocupación es más estrecha |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Vínculos con la clasificación alemana (KldB)
Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones KldB, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.
| Código KldB | Denominación KldB (alemán) | Relación |
|---|---|---|
| 29301 | Köche/Köchinnen (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Esta ocupación es más estrecha |
| 63301 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | Relacionada, no equivalente |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Vínculos con la clasificación japonesa (JSCO)
Vínculos entre esta ocupación y ocupaciones JSCO, establecidos por AI Changing Work con modelos de IA. Las relaciones se leen desde el lado de esta ocupación.
| Código JSCO | Denominación JSCO (japonés) | Relación |
|---|---|---|
| 391 | 調理人 | Esta ocupación es más estrecha |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Fuentes de datos y licencias de esta página, y avisos de modificación y traducción de AI Changing Work: Créditos y fuentes