Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

Code O*NET-SOC: 23-2093.00

Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.

Source des données: BLSPublié: 2026-08
Élevée· relative
FaibleQuatre bandes relativesTrès élevée
Valeur par groupe professionnel
Échelle, base et source
Quatre bandes relatives (Faible / Modérée / Élevée / Très élevée)
831 métiers détaillés du tableau des projections d'emploi du BLS. La valeur est attribuée par code de la National Employment Matrix (NEM), si bien que les métiers partageant un code NEM reçoivent la même bande
Jeu de données source (téléchargement XLSX)
Source des données: AnthropicPublié: 2026-03
0,022
0,000Étendue des valeurs présentées ici0,745
Échelle, base et source
Indice d'exposition observée, 0–1 tel que publié
Rapporté aux tâches O*NET
Publié par profession SOC 2018 ; chaque profession O*NET ayant le même code SOC 2018 reçoit cette valeur
Jeu de données source (téléchargement CSV)
Source des données: ILOPublié: 2025
0,39
0,09Étendue des valeurs présentées ici0,70
Valeur par groupe professionnel
Échelle, base et source
Indice d'exposition à l'IA générative, 0–1 tel que publié
Publié par groupe de base ISCO-08. Relié à ce métier, en tout ou en partie, en appliquant tels que publiés les tableaux de correspondance du U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (ISCO-08 vers SOC 2010, SOC 2010 vers SOC 2018)
Jeu de données source (téléchargement PDF)

Quelle est la nature de la valeur publiée par cette source

La catégorie BLS est un rang relatif et non un niveau absolu, et ce n'est pas une mesure de première main : elle regroupe en quatre bandes les rangs centiles du métier dans plusieurs études publiées. Ce n'est ni une prévision d'emploi ou de salaire, ni une probabilité d'adoption, et elle ne distingue pas automatisation et augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Tâches exposées uniquement

17 tâches évaluées · 16 tâches avec β ≥ 0,5 (94,1%)

β = exposition directe (E1) + 0,5 × exposition lorsque des outils sont disponibles (E2), selon la définition du dépôt source.

Unité source : tâches O*NET 27.2 → code de métier O*NET 31.0
Toutes les tâches notées figurent dans la liste des tâches O*NET 31.0.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Version: gh-main-0471612
Licence: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 30.2)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or to update existing ones. 23-2093.00	0.0100100.0	0.020066.7
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions. 23-2093.00	0.00000.0	0.00000.0
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations. 23-2093.00	0.00000.0	—0
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties.	—0	0.010033.3
Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it.	—0	—0
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles.	—0	—0
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use.	—0	—0
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities and outlining actions needed to clear titles.	—0	—0
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable.	—0	—0
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems.	—0	—0
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices.	—0	—0
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary.	—0	—0
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies, based on information compiled from title searches.	—0	—0
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books for use in examinations or as proofs or ready reference.	—0	—0
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation, such as the Land Titles Act.	—0	—0
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties. O*NET Task ID 9232	1.0
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles. O*NET Task ID 9233	1.0
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or to update existing ones. O*NET Task ID 9238	1.0
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it. O*NET Task ID 9230	0.5
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions. O*NET Task ID 9231	0.5
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use. O*NET Task ID 9234	0.5
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities and outlining actions needed to clear titles. O*NET Task ID 9235	0.5
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable. O*NET Task ID 9236	0.5
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary. O*NET Task ID 9239	0.5
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices. O*NET Task ID 9240	0.5
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies, based on information compiled from title searches. O*NET Task ID 9241	0.5
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books for use in examinations or as proofs or ready reference. O*NET Task ID 9242	0.5
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations. O*NET Task ID 9243	0.5
Prepare real estate closing statements, using knowledge and expertise in real estate procedures. O*NET Task ID 9244	0.5
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation, such as the Land Titles Act. O*NET Task ID 9245	0.5
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents. O*NET Task ID 9246	0.5
Afficher 6 tâches de plus ▾Réduire ▴
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems. O*NET Task ID 9237	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Toutes les tâches O*NET 31.0 (17)

Toutes les tâches O*NET 31.0 de ce métier (en anglais, telles que publiées ; type de tâche principale ou complémentaire). Les valeurs d'exposition ne figurent pas dans cette liste ; elles sont dans le tableau ci-dessus, à côté de chaque tâche dans la formulation de la version O*NET utilisée par chaque source.

Tâche (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Prepare lists of all legal instruments applying to a specific piece of land and the buildings on it.	Principale
Examine documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, plat books, maps, contracts, and agreements to verify factors such as properties' legal descriptions, ownership, or restrictions.	Principale
Read search requests to ascertain types of title evidence required and to obtain descriptions of properties and names of involved parties.	Principale
Copy or summarize recorded documents, such as mortgages, trust deeds, and contracts, that affect property titles.	Principale
Examine individual titles to determine if restrictions, such as delinquent taxes, will affect titles and limit property use.	Principale
Prepare reports describing any title encumbrances encountered during searching activities and outlining actions needed to clear titles.	Principale
Verify accuracy and completeness of land-related documents accepted for registration, preparing rejection notices when documents are not acceptable.	Principale
Confer with realtors, lending institution personnel, buyers, sellers, contractors, surveyors, and courthouse personnel to exchange title-related information or to resolve problems.	Principale
Enter into record-keeping systems appropriate data needed to create new title records or to update existing ones.	Principale
Direct activities of workers who search records and examine titles, assigning, scheduling, and evaluating work, and providing technical guidance as necessary.	Principale
Obtain maps or drawings delineating properties from company title plants, county surveyors, or assessors' offices.	Principale
Prepare and issue title commitments and title insurance policies, based on information compiled from title searches.	Principale
Summarize pertinent legal or insurance details, or sections of statutes or case law from reference books for use in examinations or as proofs or ready reference.	Principale
Retrieve and examine real estate closing files for accuracy and to ensure that information included is recorded and executed according to regulations.	Principale
Prepare real estate closing statements, using knowledge and expertise in real estate procedures.	Complémentaire
Determine whether land-related documents can be registered under the relevant legislation, such as the Land Titles Act.	Complémentaire
Assess fees related to registration of property-related documents.	Complémentaire

Perspectives d’emploi (BLS)

Emploi, 2025: 60K
Emploi projeté, 2035: 61K
Variation (2025–35): +2,1%
Salaire annuel médian, 2025: $58 650
Niveau d’études habituel à l’entrée: High school diploma or equivalent

minimum $30 890fourchette du salaire médian de 825 professions détaillées, BLS EP 2025–35maximum $559 030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Liens avec la classification coréenne (KSCO)

Liens de la version en vigueur de Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, établi par AI Changing Work. Les valeurs de relation se lisent du côté du métier O*NET-SOC.

Code KSCO	Intitulé KSCO	Relation	Statut
27131	법무사	Lié, sans correspondance	confirmé

Définitions des relations et des statuts(kr-direct v1.1)

Description professionnelle de l’OIT

AI Changing Work relie à cette profession les groupes de base ISCO-08 ci-dessous en appliquant, telles que publiées, les tables de correspondance du Bureau of Labor Statistics des États-Unis (BLS) (SOC 2018 vers SOC 2010, SOC 2010 vers ISCO-08), sans sélection au cas par cas ; chaque lien peut être total ou partiel.

ISCO-08 3411Legal and Related Associate Professionals
Professions juridiques intermédiaires et assimilées

Voir l’original

La définition, les tâches et les exemples ci-dessous sont la description que l'OIT donne de ce groupe de base, et non de cette profession.

Legal and related associate professionals perform support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions or conduct investigations for clients.

Tâches

(a) documenting court proceedings and judgements;
(b) serving statements of claims, summonses, warrants, subpoenas and other court orders;
(c) maintaining order in court and hearing rooms;
(d) preparing legal documents including trial briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills and contracts and preparing, papers summarizing legal positions or setting out conditions of loans or insurance;
(e) investigating facts, assembling evidence and researching relevant statutes, decisions and other legal documents to prepare cases;
(f) advising clients on legal matters;
(g) examining documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgements, easements, contracts and maps in order to verify properties’ legal descriptions and ownership;
(h) preparing documents relating to transfer of real estate, stocks or other matters requiring formal registration;
(i) investigating possible cases of theft of goods, money or information from business establishments and of other possible cases of unlawful behaviour by customers or employees;
(j) investigating establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons on behalf of clients.

Exemples de métiers

Bailiff · Conveyancing clerk · Court clerk · Judge’s clerk · Justice of the peace · Law clerk · Legal assistant · Paralegal · Private detective · Title searcher

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

Vocabulaire professionnel ESCO

Chaque entrée ci-dessous est mise en correspondance avec cette profession dans le ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk publié (version 1, 2022). Les types de correspondance sont ceux de cette table ; la formulation est celle d'AI Changing Work.

formalisteESCO 3334.2.1Cette profession est plus large
Il traite et examine tous les documents nécessaires à la vente d’un bien immobilier, y compris les contrats, les décomptes, les hypothèques, les polices d’assurance, etc. Ils assurent le respect des exigences légales et passent en revue tous les frais liés au processus de vente de biens immobiliers.
auxiliaire juridique - transfert de titresESCO 3411.2Chevauchement, pas identique
Les auxiliaires juridiques chargés du transfert de titres fournissent des services relatifs au transfert de titres juridiques et de titres de propriété entre les parties. Ils/Elles échangent les contrats nécessaires et garantissent le transfert de tous les titres de propriété, titres juridiques et droits.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

Licence: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

Voir l’original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

Liens avec la classification française (ROME)

Liens établis par AI Changing Work, à l’aide de modèles d’IA, entre ce métier et des fiches ROME 4.0. Les relations se lisent du point de vue de ce métier. Les liens marqués « provisoire » ont été retenus sur la seule base des jugements de deux évaluateurs de la même famille de modèles (Claude), ou par une règle de l'exploitant appliquée à ces jugements, et reposent donc sur des éléments plus faibles que les liens confirmés.

Code ROME	Intitulé ROME (français)	Relation
K1508	Agent / Agente de conservation des hypothèques	Lié, sans correspondanceprovisoire
K1902	Clerc de notaire	Lié, sans correspondanceprovisoire
K1912	Formaliste	Lié, sans correspondanceprovisoire

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Liens avec la classification espagnole (CNO-11)

Liens établis par AI Changing Work, à l’aide de modèles d’IA, entre ce métier et des professions CNO-11. Les relations se lisent du point de vue de ce métier.

Code CNO-11	Intitulé CNO-11 (espagnol)	Relation
3711	Profesionales de apoyo de servicios jurídicos y servicios similares	Cette profession est plus étroiteprovisoire
2591	Notarios y registradores	Lié, sans correspondanceprovisoire

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Liens avec la classification allemande (KldB)

Liens établis par AI Changing Work, à l’aide de modèles d’IA, entre ce métier et des professions KldB. Les relations se lisent du point de vue de ce métier.

Code KldB	Intitulé KldB (allemand)	Relation
73112	Assistenzkräfte in Rechtsanwaltskanzlei und Notariat - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Lié, sans correspondance

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Liens avec la classification japonaise (JSCO)

Liens établis par AI Changing Work, à l’aide de modèles d’IA, entre ce métier et des professions JSCO. Les relations se lisent du point de vue de ce métier.

Code JSCO	Intitulé JSCO (japonais)	Relation
175	司法書士	Lié, sans correspondance
259	その他の一般事務従事者	Lié, sans correspondance

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources des données et licences de cette page, et avis de modification et de traduction d'AI Changing Work : Crédits et sources