Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write technical papers or reports or prepare standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, or tests.Details
O*NET Task ID 1511
1.0
Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques.Details
O*NET Task ID 1505
0.5
Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods.Details
O*NET Task ID 1506
0.5
Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions.Details
O*NET Task ID 1507
0.5
Confer with scientists or engineers to conduct analyses of research projects, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests.Details
O*NET Task ID 1508
0.5
Direct, coordinate, or advise personnel in test procedures for analyzing components or physical properties of materials.Details
O*NET Task ID 1509
0.5
Study effects of various methods of processing, preserving, or packaging on composition or properties of foods.Details
O*NET Task ID 1512
0.5
Evaluate laboratory safety procedures to ensure compliance with standards or to make improvements as needed.Details
O*NET Task ID 20388
0.5
Purchase laboratory supplies, such as chemicals, when supplies are low or near their expiration date.Details
O*NET Task ID 20389
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Chemists conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to chemistry, to develop new knowledge or products and for quality and process control.
作業
(a) conducting research and improving or developing concepts, instruments, theories and operational methods related to chemistry;
(b) conducting experiments, tests and analyses to investigate chemical composition and energy and chemical changes in various natural or synthetic substances, materials and products;
(c) developing procedures for environmental control, quality control and various other procedures for manufacturers or users;
(d) conducting programmes of sample and data collection and analysis to identify and quantify environmental toxicants;
(e) participating in interdisciplinary research and development projects working with chemical engineers, biologists, microbiologists, agronomists, geologists or other professionals;
(f) using micro-organisms to convert substances into new compounds;
(g) determining ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new materials.
(h) reproducing and synthesizing naturally occurring substances and creating new artificial substances;
Chemists perform laboratory research by testing and analysing the chemical structure of substances.They translate the research results into industrial production processes which are further used in the development or improvement of products. Chemists are also testing the quality of the manufactured products and their environmental impact.
cosmetic chemistESCO 2113.1.4
Cosmetic chemists develop formulas in order to create and test new cosmetic products and improve existing cosmetic products such as perfumes and fragrances, lipstick, waterproof lotions and makeup, hair dye, soaps and detergents with special properties, topical medicines or health supplements.
chemical application specialistESCO 2113.1.2
Chemical application specialists develop chemical products according to the needs and expectation of the clients. They conduct development of formulas and processes of formulation as well as evaluation of the efficiency and performances of the formulations.
textile chemistESCO 2113.1.6
Textile chemists coordinate and supervise chemical processes for textiles like yarn and fabric forming such as dyeing and finishing.
analytical chemistESCO 2113.1.1
Analytical chemists research and describe the chemical composition of substances. Moreover, they draw conclusions related to the behaviour of such substances in different conditions.
sensory scientistESCO 2113.2
Sensory scientists carry out sensory analysis in order to compose or improve flavours and fragrances for the food, beverage and cosmetics industry. They base their flavour and fragrance development on sensory and consumer research. Sensory scientists carry out research and analyse statistical data to meet customers expectations.
chemical testerESCO 2113.1.3
Chemical testers are responsible for the rapid on-the-spot analysis of steel test pieces incoming from the metal production shop for the purpose of timely corrections of the chemical composition of the liquid metal.
fragrance chemistESCO 2113.1.5
Fragrance chemists develop and improve fragrance chemicals by formulating, testing and analysing fragrances and their ingredients so that the end product meets the expectations and the needs of customers.
出典:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
수리력(96) · 품질관리분석(94) · 장비 선정(93) · 추리력(91) · 조작 및 통제(90)
Knowledge
화학(92) · 물리(81) · 영어(77) · 사무(70) · 생물(70)
Work environment
위험한 상태 노출(93) · 정확성, 정밀성 유지(92) · 반복적인 신체행동, 정신적 활동(91) · 마감시간(85) · 이메일 이용하기(85)
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +6.4%
Median wage: $91K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
