Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Complete contract forms, prepare change of address records, or issue service discontinuance orders, using computers.Details
O*NET Task ID 2584
1.0
Compare disputed merchandise with original requisitions and information from invoices and prepare invoices for returned goods.Details
O*NET Task ID 2589
1.0
Keep records of customer interactions or transactions, recording details of inquiries, complaints, or comments, as well as actions taken.Details
O*NET Task ID 2578
0.5
Resolve customers' service or billing complaints by performing activities such as exchanging merchandise, refunding money, or adjusting bills.Details
O*NET Task ID 2579
0.5
Check to ensure that appropriate changes were made to resolve customers' problems.Details
O*NET Task ID 2580
0.5
Contact customers to respond to inquiries or to notify them of claim investigation results or any planned adjustments.Details
O*NET Task ID 2581
0.5
Refer unresolved customer grievances to designated departments for further investigation.Details
O*NET Task ID 2582
0.5
Determine charges for services requested, collect deposits or payments, or arrange for billing.Details
O*NET Task ID 2583
0.5
Obtain and examine all relevant information to assess validity of complaints and to determine possible causes, such as extreme weather conditions that could increase utility bills.Details
O*NET Task ID 2585
0.5
Solicit sales of new or additional services or products.Details
O*NET Task ID 2586
0.5
Review insurance policy terms to determine whether a particular loss is covered by insurance.Details
O*NET Task ID 2587
0.5
Review claims adjustments with dealers, examining parts claimed to be defective, and approving or disapproving dealers' claims.Details
O*NET Task ID 2588
0.5
Order tests that could determine the causes of product malfunctions.Details
O*NET Task ID 2590
0.5
Recommend improvements in products, packaging, shipping, service, or billing methods and procedures to prevent future problems.Details
O*NET Task ID 2591
0.5
Confer with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products or services, take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or obtain details of complaints.Details
O*NET Task ID 18565
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Contact centre information clerks provide advice and information to clients, respond to queries regarding a company’s or an organization’s goods, services or policies, and process financial transactions using the telephone or electronic communications media, such as email. They are located in premises that may be remote from clients or other operations of the organizations or companies about whom information is provided.
Tasks
(a) dealing with incoming calls and messages from clients, whether to answer queries, handle calls for service or sort out complaints;
(b) identifying requirements and entering events into a computer system;
(c) dispatching tasks to other units, when relevant;
(d) invoicing or handling payments, where necessary;
(e) sending letters, information sheets and other documents to clients;
(f) advising clients of additional products or services.
customer contact centre information clerkESCO 4222.1
Customer contact centre information clerks provide information to customers via the telephone and other media such as email. They answer inquiries about a company's or oganisation's services, products and policies.
live chat operatorESCO 4222.1.1
Live chat operators respond to answers and requests posed by customers of all nature through online platforms in websites and online assistance services in real time. They are available to provide service through chat platforms and have the ability to solve inquiries of clients via written communication merely.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: -5.3%
Median wage: $45K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 2.7M
Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent
BLS occupational group: Customer service representatives
この職業に関わる最近の変化
📄
2026年6月: Cited by ADP Research as an example of a high-AI-exposure occupation. Group-level payroll data shows employment in high-exposure occupations down 0.2% year over year overall and down 4.3% for workers aged 22-25 (33rd consecutive monthly decline). The percentages are for the high-exposure group, not for this occupation alone.
2026年5月: Anthropic observed-exposure score: high (zero->observed gap small). High observed exposure due to simpler software pipelines and lower integration cost.
2026年4月: NBER survey of 6,000 executives: 69% use AI but 90% report zero employment impact. Executives predict -0.7% employment decline over next 3 years.
