Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Write drafts of legislative proposals, and prepare speeches, correspondence, and policy papers for governmental use.Details
O*NET Task ID 5523
1.0
Teach political science.Details
O*NET Task ID 5515
0.5
Disseminate research results through academic publications, written reports, or public presentations.Details
O*NET Task ID 5516
0.5
Identify issues for research and analysis.Details
O*NET Task ID 5517
0.5
Develop and test theories, using information from interviews, newspapers, periodicals, case law, historical papers, polls, or statistical sources.Details
O*NET Task ID 5518
0.5
Maintain current knowledge of government policy decisions.Details
O*NET Task ID 5519
0.5
Collect, analyze, and interpret data, such as election results and public opinion surveys, reporting on findings, recommendations, and conclusions.Details
O*NET Task ID 5520
0.5
Interpret and analyze policies, public issues, legislation, or the operations of governments, businesses, and organizations.Details
O*NET Task ID 5521
0.5
Evaluate programs and policies, and make related recommendations to institutions and organizations.Details
O*NET Task ID 5522
0.5
Forecast political, economic, and social trends.Details
O*NET Task ID 5524
0.5
Consult with and advise government officials, civic bodies, research agencies, the media, political parties, and others concerned with political issues.Details
O*NET Task ID 5525
0.5
Provide media commentary or criticism related to public policy and political issues and events.Details
O*NET Task ID 5526
0.5
Advise political science students.Details
O*NET Task ID 23949
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Philosophers, historians and political scientists conduct research into the nature of human experience and existence, phases or aspects of human history, and political structures, movements and behaviour. They document and report on findings to inform and guide political and individual actions
作業
(a) researching, mostly by reasoning, into the general causes, principles and meanings of the world, human actions, experience and existence, and interpreting and developing philosophical concepts and theories;
(b) consulting and comparing primary sources, such as original or contemporary records of past events, and secondary sources such as archaeological or anthropological findings;
(c) extracting relevant material, checking its authenticity, and researching into and describing the history of a particular period, country or region, or a particular facet - for example economic, social or political - of its history;
(d) conducting research in such fields as political philosophy, or past and present theory and practice of political systems, institutions or behaviour;
(e) observing contemporary political institutions and opinions, collecting data on them from various sources, including interviews with government and political party officials and other relevant persons;
(f) developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe the nature of human experience and historical and political events and behaviour;
(g) presenting findings and conclusions for publication or use by government, political parties or other organizations and interested persons;
(h) preparing scholarly papers and reports.
職業例
Genealogist · Historian · Philosopher · Political scientist
Historians research, analyze, interpret, and present the past of human societies. They analyse documents, sources, and traces from the past in order to understand the past societies.
political scientistESCO 2633.3
Political scientists study political behaviour, activity and systems, including the elements that fall therein. Their study of the field ranges from the origins and evolution of various political systems to topical matters such as decision-making processes, political behaviour, political trends, society, and power perspectives. They advise governments and institutional organisations on governance matters.
genealogistESCO 2633.1.1
Genealogists trace history and lineages of families. The results of their effort are displayed in a table of the descent from person to person which forms a family tree or they are written as narratives. Genealogists use analysis of public records, informal interviews, genetic analysis, and other methods to gain input information.
philosopherESCO 2633.2
Philosophers study and argument over general and structural problems pertaining to society, humans and individuals. They have well-developed rational and argumentative abilities to engage in discussion related to existence, value systems, knowledge, or reality. They recur to logic in discussion which lead to levels of deepness and abstraction.
出典:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: -2%
Median wage: $142K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
