Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.Details
O*NET Task ID 7358
1.0
Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.Details
O*NET Task ID 7365
1.0
Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.Details
O*NET Task ID 7366
1.0
Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.Details
O*NET Task ID 7359
0.5
Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients' taxes to a minimum.Details
O*NET Task ID 7360
0.5
Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances.Details
O*NET Task ID 7361
0.5
Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.Details
O*NET Task ID 7362
0.5
Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.Details
O*NET Task ID 7363
0.5
Consult tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedures for preparation of atypical returns.Details
O*NET Task ID 7364
0.5
Answer questions and provide future tax planning to clients.Details
O*NET Task ID 20363
0.5
Explain federal and state tax laws to individuals and companies.Details
O*NET Task ID 20364
0.5
Schedule appointments with clients.Details
O*NET Task ID 21165
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Government tax and excise officials examine tax returns, bills of sale and other documents to determine the type and amount of taxes, duties and other types of fees to be paid by individuals or businesses, referring exceptional or important cases to accountants, senior government officials or Managers.
作業
(a) advising organizations, enterprises and the public on government laws, rules and regulations concerning the determination and payment of taxes, duties and other government fees, and on the public’s rights and obligations;
(b) examining tax returns, bills of sale and other relevant documents to determine type and amount of taxes, duties and other types of fees to be paid;
(c) investigating filed tax returns and accounting records, systems and internal controls of organizations to ensure compliance with taxation laws and regulations;
(d) performing related administrative tasks to document findings, maintain records and report on actions taken for cases.
Tax compliance officers collect fees, debt, and taxes on behalf of government institutions in cities, municipalities and other jurisdictions. They perform administrative duties and communicate with other officials and institutions to ensure operations are correct and compliant with policies.
tax inspectorESCO 3352.2
Tax inspectors are responsible for the calculation of taxation and the ensurance of its timely payment by individuals and organisations. They provide information and guidance concerning taxation legislation and examine financial documents and accounts to ensure compliance with legislation. They also examine records to investigate fraud.
出典:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
전산(88) · 행동조정(64) · 조직체계의 분석 및 평가(63) · 청력(60) · 듣고 이해하기(54)
Knowledge
사무(89) · 경영 및 행정(87) · 통신(62) · 법(62) · 컴퓨터와 전자공학(60)
Work environment
자동화 정도(99) · 반복적인 신체행동, 정신적 활동(93) · 정확성, 정밀성 유지(90) · 앉아서 근무(89) · 공문, 문서 주고받기(89)
Related occupations
일반행정공무원(조세, 관세, 병무 제외) · 관세 행정 사무원 · 조세행정사무원
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: -1%
Median wage: $62K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
