Computer Programmers

Computer and Mathematical Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
15-1251.00

Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    很高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.745

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.57

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 17 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 17 项（100.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 15-1131.00 Computer Programmers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced.

15-1131.00

2.455132.7
Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment.

15-1131.00

2.397931.9
Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic.

15-1131.00

2.190129.2
Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs.

15-1131.00

0.17002.3
Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program.

15-1131.00

0.16712.2
Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language.

15-1131.00

0.05950.8
Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.

15-1131.00

0.03230.4
Investigate whether networks, workstations, the central processing unit of the system, or peripheral equipment are responding to a program's instructions.

15-1131.00

0.02600.3
Collaborate with computer manufacturers and other users to develop new programming methods.

15-1131.00

0.00330.0
Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes.

15-1131.00

0.00300.0
Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use of computer systems software as a systems programmer.

15-1131.00

0.00230.0
Not observed on any surface — 4 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct.
—0
Write or contribute to instructions or manuals to guide end users.
—0
Assign, coordinate, and review work and activities of programming personnel.
—0
Train subordinates in programming and program coding.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced.核心
Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct.核心
Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program.核心
Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment.核心
Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes.核心
Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.核心
Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic.核心
Write or contribute to instructions or manuals to guide end users.核心
Investigate whether networks, workstations, the central processing unit of the system, or peripheral equipment are responding to a program's instructions.核心
Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language.核心
Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use of computer systems software as a systems programmer.核心
Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs.核心
Assign, coordinate, and review work and activities of programming personnel.核心
Collaborate with computer manufacturers and other users to develop new programming methods.补充
Train subordinates in programming and program coding.补充
Develop Web sites.补充
Train users on the use and function of computer programs.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
111K
预计就业人数，2035
103K
变化 (2025–35)
-7.3%
年薪中位数，2025
$100,390
入职通常所需学历
Bachelor's degree
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
22222시스템 소프트웨어 프로그래머本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 2514Applications Programmers

    应用程序员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Applications programmers write and maintain programmable code outlined in technical instructions and specifications for software applications and operating systems.

任务

  • (a) writing and maintaining programme code outlined in instructions and specifications in accordance with quality accredited standards;
  • (b) revising, repairing or expanding existing programmes to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements;
  • (c) conducting trial runs of programmes and software applications to confirm that they will produce the desired information;
  • (d) compiling and writing documentation of programme development;
  • (e) identifying and communicating technical problems, processes and solutions.

职业示例

Applications programmer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • software developerESCO 2512.3有重叠，但不相同

    Software developers implement or program all kinds of software systems based on specifications and designs by using programming languages, tools, and platforms.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
M1805Développeur / Développeuse informatique本职业范围更窄暂定
M1861Développeur / Développeuse logiciel ou d'application有重叠，但不相同暂定
M1810Technicien / Technicienne d'exploitation informatique相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
3820Programadores informáticos范围相同暂定
2712Analistas y diseñadores de software相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
43423Berufe in der Programmierung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten本职业范围更宽
43412Berufe in der Softwareentwicklung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同
43103Berufe in der Informatik (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定
43122Berufe in der technischen Informatik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
104ソフトウェア作成者本职业范围更窄暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

与本职业相关的近期变化

摘要和关联标注由 AI Changing Work 撰写和判断；数字请以所链接的来源为准。

  • 相关 Anthropic's new "observed exposure" measure (Massenkoff & McCrory, Mar 2026) puts Computer Programmers first among its ten most exposed occupations, with 75% task coverage. For the Computer & Math category as a whole, Claude covers 33% of tasks, against 94% that LLMs could theoretically speed up (Eloundou et al. β).

    [来源: Anthropic Economic Research (Massenkoff & McCrory, 2026)]

  • 相关 Frank et al. (arXiv, Jan 2026): computer and math occupations (SOC 15), which include computer programmers, had the largest rise in unemployment risk of any occupation group in 2022-2024, and it began before ChatGPT. Graduates whose coursework was more AI-exposed had higher first-job pay and shorter job searches after ChatGPT.

    [来源: Frank et al. (2026) arXiv:2601.02554]

  • 相关 Bank of Korea (Nov 2025): juniors mostly do codified, textbook-style knowledge work that AI can do quickly. Since November 2022, youth employment in computer programming and system integration fell 11.2%, while employment of core-age workers, including those in their 50s, kept rising.

    [来源: Bank of Korea Employment Research (2025)]

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源