- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 17-1022.00
Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.002
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.44
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 24 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 21 项（87.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write descriptions of property boundary surveys for use in deeds, leases, or other legal documents.O*NET Task ID 3534 | 1.0 |
Train assistants and helpers, and direct their work in such activities as performing surveys or drafting maps.O*NET Task ID 3541 | 1.0 |
Develop criteria for the design and modification of survey instruments.O*NET Task ID 3545 | 1.0 |
Prepare and maintain sketches, maps, reports, and legal descriptions of surveys to describe, certify, and assume liability for work performed.O*NET Task ID 3528 | 0.5 |
Verify the accuracy of survey data, including measurements and calculations conducted at survey sites.O*NET Task ID 3529 | 0.5 |
Direct or conduct surveys to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds and titles.O*NET Task ID 3530 | 0.5 |
Record the results of surveys, including the shape, contour, location, elevation, and dimensions of land or land features.O*NET Task ID 3531 | 0.5 |
Calculate heights, depths, relative positions, property lines, and other characteristics of terrain.O*NET Task ID 3532 | 0.5 |
Prepare, or supervise preparation of, all data, charts, plots, maps, records, and documents related to surveys.O*NET Task ID 3533 | 0.5 |
Plan and conduct ground surveys designed to establish baselines, elevations, and other geodetic measurements.O*NET Task ID 3535 | 0.5 |
Search legal records, survey records, and land titles to obtain information about property boundaries in areas to be surveyed.O*NET Task ID 3536 | 0.5 |
Coordinate findings with the work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with projects.O*NET Task ID 3537 | 0.5 |
Analyze survey objectives and specifications to prepare survey proposals or to direct others in survey proposal preparation.O*NET Task ID 3542 | 0.5 |
Compute geodetic measurements and interpret survey data to determine positions, shapes, and elevations of geomorphic and topographic features.O*NET Task ID 3543 | 0.5 |
Develop criteria for survey methods and procedures.O*NET Task ID 3544 | 0.5 |
Conduct research in surveying and mapping methods, using knowledge of photogrammetric map compilation and electronic data processing.O*NET Task ID 3546 | 0.5 |
Locate and mark sites selected for geophysical prospecting activities, such as efforts to locate petroleum or other mineral products.O*NET Task ID 3547 | 0.5 |
Survey bodies of water to determine navigable channels and to secure data for construction of breakwaters, piers, and other marine structures.O*NET Task ID 3548 | 0.5 |
Direct aerial surveys of specified geographical areas.O*NET Task ID 3549 | 0.5 |
Determine specifications for equipment to be used for aerial photography, as well as altitudes from which to photograph terrain.O*NET Task ID 3550 | 0.5 |
Testify as an expert witness in court cases on land survey issues, such as property boundaries.O*NET Task ID 20954 | 0.5 |
Adjust surveying instruments to maintain their accuracy.O*NET Task ID 3538 | 0.0 |
Establish fixed points for use in making maps, using geodetic and engineering instruments.O*NET Task ID 3539 | 0.0 |
Determine longitudes and latitudes of important features and boundaries in survey areas, using theodolites, transits, levels, and satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS).O*NET Task ID 3540 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（24 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Prepare and maintain sketches, maps, reports, and legal descriptions of surveys to describe, certify, and assume liability for work performed. | 核心 |
| Verify the accuracy of survey data, including measurements and calculations conducted at survey sites. | 核心 |
| Direct or conduct surveys to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds and titles. | 核心 |
| Record the results of surveys, including the shape, contour, location, elevation, and dimensions of land or land features. | 核心 |
| Calculate heights, depths, relative positions, property lines, and other characteristics of terrain. | 核心 |
| Prepare, or supervise preparation of, all data, charts, plots, maps, records, and documents related to surveys. | 核心 |
| Write descriptions of property boundary surveys for use in deeds, leases, or other legal documents. | 核心 |
| Plan and conduct ground surveys designed to establish baselines, elevations, and other geodetic measurements. | 核心 |
| Search legal records, survey records, and land titles to obtain information about property boundaries in areas to be surveyed. | 核心 |
| Coordinate findings with the work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with projects. | 核心 |
| Adjust surveying instruments to maintain their accuracy. | 核心 |
| Establish fixed points for use in making maps, using geodetic and engineering instruments. | 核心 |
| Determine longitudes and latitudes of important features and boundaries in survey areas, using theodolites, transits, levels, and satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS). | 核心 |
| Train assistants and helpers, and direct their work in such activities as performing surveys or drafting maps. | 核心 |
| Analyze survey objectives and specifications to prepare survey proposals or to direct others in survey proposal preparation. | 核心 |
| Compute geodetic measurements and interpret survey data to determine positions, shapes, and elevations of geomorphic and topographic features. | 核心 |
| Develop criteria for survey methods and procedures. | 核心 |
| Conduct research in surveying and mapping methods, using knowledge of photogrammetric map compilation and electronic data processing. | 核心 |
| Survey bodies of water to determine navigable channels and to secure data for construction of breakwaters, piers, and other marine structures. | 核心 |
| Direct aerial surveys of specified geographical areas. | 核心 |
| Testify as an expert witness in court cases on land survey issues, such as property boundaries. | 核心 |
| Develop criteria for the design and modification of survey instruments. | 补充 |
| Locate and mark sites selected for geophysical prospecting activities, such as efforts to locate petroleum or other mineral products. | 补充 |
| Determine specifications for equipment to be used for aerial photography, as well as altitudes from which to photograph terrain. | 补充 |
0.17/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Direct or conduct surveys to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds and titles. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Plan and conduct ground surveys designed to establish baselines, elevations, and other geodetic measurements. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Adjust surveying instruments to maintain their accuracy. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Establish fixed points for use in making maps, using geodetic and engineering instruments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Determine longitudes and latitudes of important features and boundaries in survey areas, using theodolites, transits, levels, and satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS). | E0 机器人不可 |
| Survey bodies of water to determine navigable channels and to secure data for construction of breakwaters, piers, and other marine structures. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Direct aerial surveys of specified geographical areas. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Locate and mark sites selected for geophysical prospecting activities, such as efforts to locate petroleum or other mineral products. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 17-1022 组（Surveyors），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 52K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 55K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.8%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $75,440
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23161 | 측량 및 지리정보 기술자 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 23169 | 그 외 측량 및 공간정보 전문가 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2165Cartographers and Surveyors
制图师和测量师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Cartographers and surveyors determine the exact position of, or prepare and revise digital, graphic and pictorial maps, charts or other visual representation of, natural and constructed features and boundaries of land, seas, underground areas and celestial bodies, applying scientific and mathematical principles.
任务
- (a) surveying, measuring and describing land surfaces, mines, underground surfaces, sea, river and lake beds;
- (b) noting exact position of various features and recording survey data in digital form;
- (c) making charts and maps to be used in determining navigable waters and channels and in planning construction of marine structures;
- (d) planning and conducting aerial photographic surveys;
- (e) designing, compiling and revising maps and charts using aerial and other photographs, satellite imagery, survey documents and data, existing maps and records, reports and statistics;
- (f) undertaking research and development of surveying and photogrammetric measurement systems, cadastral systems and land information systems;
- (g) studying and advising on technical, aesthetic and economic aspects of map production;
- (h) maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.
职业示例
Aerial surveyor · Cadastral surveyor · Cartographer · Hydrographic surveyor · Land surveyor · Mine surveyor · Photogrammetrist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- hydrographic surveyorESCO 2165.4.1本职业范围更宽
Hydrographic surveyors measure and map, by means of specialised equipment, marine environments. They collect scientific data in order to study the underwater topography and morphology of bodies of water.
- mine surveying technicianESCO 3117.5本职业范围更宽
Mine surveying technicians conduct boundary and topographic surveys and surveys of the progress of mining operations. They operate surveying equipment and utilise programs to retrieve and interpret relevant data, and perform computations as required.
- mine surveyorESCO 2165.4.2本职业范围更宽
Mine surveyors prepare and maintain mining plans in line with statutory and management requirements. They keep records of the physical progress of mining operations and of ore or mineral production.
- land surveyorESCO 2165.4有重叠，但不相同
Land surveyors determine, by means of specialised equipment, the distances and positions of points at the surface of sites for construction purposes. They use measurements of the specific aspects of construction sites, such as electricity, distance measurements, and metal structure volumes to create architectural drawings and develop construction projects.
- surveying technicianESCO 3112.9有重叠，但不相同
Surveying technicians carry out technical surveying tasks. They assist surveyors, architects or engineers in surveying related technical tasks such as mapping land, creating construction drawings and operating precise measuring equipment
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1107 | Géomètre | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| F1131 | Géomètre du cadastre | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| F1146 | Géomètre expert / Géomètre experte | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2483 | Ingenieros técnicos en topografía | 范围相同 |
| 2454 | Ingenieros geógrafos y cartógrafos | 相关，但不对应 |
| 3122 | Técnicos en construcción | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 31214 | Berufe in der Vermessungstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 范围相同 |
| 31213 | Berufe in der Vermessungstechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 093 | 測量技術者 | 范围相同 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源