Civil Engineers
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 17-2051.00
Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.008
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.30
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 17 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 14 项（82.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way descriptions.O*NET Task ID 152 | 1.0 |
Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications.O*NET Task ID 147 | 0.5 |
Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations or establish reference points, grades, or elevations to guide construction.O*NET Task ID 150 | 0.5 |
Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility.O*NET Task ID 151 | 0.5 |
Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess potential project impact.O*NET Task ID 155 | 0.5 |
Analyze manufacturing processes or byproducts to identify engineering solutions to minimize the output of carbon or other pollutants.O*NET Task ID 19606 | 0.5 |
Design energy-efficient or environmentally sound civil structures.O*NET Task ID 19607 | 0.5 |
Design or engineer systems to efficiently dispose of chemical, biological, or other toxic wastes.O*NET Task ID 19608 | 0.5 |
Develop or implement engineering solutions to clean up industrial accidents or other contaminated sites.O*NET Task ID 19609 | 0.5 |
Direct engineering activities, ensuring compliance with environmental, safety, or other governmental regulations.O*NET Task ID 19610 | 0.5 |
Identify environmental risks and develop risk management strategies for civil engineering projects.O*NET Task ID 19611 | 0.5 |
Provide technical advice to industrial or managerial personnel regarding design, construction, program modifications, or structural repairs.O*NET Task ID 20489 | 0.5 |
Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems or structures, using computer-assisted design or drawing tools.O*NET Task ID 20491 | 0.5 |
Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, or other topographical or geologic data.O*NET Task ID 20492 | 0.5 |
Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards.O*NET Task ID 148 | 0.0 |
Test soils or materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel.O*NET Task ID 153 | 0.0 |
Manage and direct the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site.O*NET Task ID 20490 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（16 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications. | 核心 |
| Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards. | 核心 |
| Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations or establish reference points, grades, or elevations to guide construction. | 核心 |
| Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility. | 核心 |
| Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way descriptions. | 核心 |
| Design energy-efficient or environmentally sound civil structures. | 核心 |
| Direct engineering activities, ensuring compliance with environmental, safety, or other governmental regulations. | 核心 |
| Provide technical advice to industrial or managerial personnel regarding design, construction, program modifications, or structural repairs. | 核心 |
| Manage and direct the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site. | 核心 |
| Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems or structures, using computer-assisted design or drawing tools. | 核心 |
| Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, or other topographical or geologic data. | 核心 |
| Test soils or materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel. | 补充 |
| Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess potential project impact. | 补充 |
| Design or engineer systems to efficiently dispose of chemical, biological, or other toxic wastes. | 补充 |
| Develop or implement engineering solutions to clean up industrial accidents or other contaminated sites. | 补充 |
| Identify environmental risks and develop risk management strategies for civil engineering projects. | 补充 |
0.29/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards. | E3 非结构化环境 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 17-2051 组（Civil engineers），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 381K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 405K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +6.4%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $100,840
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23121 | 건축구조 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23131 | 토목구조 설계 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23132 | 토목감리 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23133 | 토목시공 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23134 | 토목안전 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23139 | 그 외 토목 관련 기술자 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 23123 | 건축시공 기술자 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 23125 | 건축안전 기술자 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
| 23129 | 그 외 건축 관련 기술자 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
| 23610 | 방재 기술자 및 연구원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2142Civil Engineers
土木工程师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Civil engineers conduct research, advise on, design, and direct construction; manage the operation and maintenance of civil engineering structures; or study and advise on technological aspects of particular materials.
任务
- (a) conducting research and developing new or improved theories and methods related to civil engineering;
- (b) advising on and designing structures such as bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports, railways, canals, pipelines, waste-disposal and flood-control systems, and industrial and other large buildings;
- (c) determining and specifying construction methods, materials and quality standards, and directing construction work;
- (d) establishing control systems to ensure efficient functioning of structures as well as safety and environmental protection;
- (e) organising and directing maintenance and repair of existing civil engineering structures;
- (f) analysing the behaviour of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed structures and designing structural foundations;
- (g) analysing the stability of structures and testing the behaviour and durability of materials used in their construction.
职业示例
Civil engineer · Geotechnical engineer · Structural engineer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- civil engineerESCO 2142.1范围相同
Civil engineers design, plan, and develop technical and engineering specifications for infrastructure and construction projects. They apply engineering knowledge in a vast array of projects, from the construction of infrastructure for transportation, housing projects, and luxury buildings, to the construction of natural sites. They design plans that seek to optimise materials and integrate specifications and resource allocation within the time constraints.
- construction engineerESCO 2142.1.2本职业范围更宽
Construction engineers interpret building designs and add technical specifications to construction projects. They integrate engineering principles into the designs to ensure that structures are safe and resistant. They work together with architects and engineers to transform design ideas into executable plans.
- drainage engineerESCO 2142.1.3本职业范围更宽
Drainage engineers design and construct drainage systems for sewers and storm water systems. They evaluate the options to design drainage systems that meet the requirements while ensuring compliance with legislation and environmental standards and policies. Drainage engineers choose the most optimal drainage system to prevent floods, control irrigation and direct sewage away from water sources.
- pipeline engineerESCO 2142.1.7本职业范围更宽
Pipeline engineers design and develop the engineering aspects for the construction of pipeline infrastructures in various kinds of sites (e.g. inland, maritime). They envision and create the specifications for pumping systems and for the general transport of goods through pipelines.
- transport engineerESCO 2142.1.9本职业范围更宽
Transport engineers design and set the engineering specifications for the construction and development of roadways and transport infrastructure. They apply engineering concepts and knowledge for developing sustainable and efficient modes of transportation ranging from roads to canals, railways, and airports.
- civil engineering technicianESCO 3112.1有重叠，但不相同
Civil engineering technicians help design and execute construction plans and take on organisational tasks, for example in the planning and monitoring, and in bidding and invoicing of construction work. They also calculate material requirements, and help with the purchasing and organising, and ensure the quality of the construction materials. Civil engineering technicians may perform technical tasks in civil engineering and develop and advise on policy implementing strategies for road works, traffic lights, sewerage and water management systems.
- installation engineerESCO 2149.2.5有重叠，但不相同
Installation engineers oversee and manage the installing of structures, which take often many years to design and construct. They ensure safety, avoid risks and they aim to the optimalisation of costs. Installation engineers also create constructive designs of systems and perform installation system testing. They determine the material needed for the construction of these systems and the costs, and use CAD software to design these systems.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1122 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure Chantier nucléaire | 本职业范围更宽 |
| F1137 | Chargé / Chargée de méthodes BTP | 本职业范围更宽 |
| F1111 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure génie civil | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| F1106 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure d'études de prix BTP | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| F1112 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure calcul et structure | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| I1122 | Directeur / Directrice de travaux d'infrastructure | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2432 | Ingenieros en construcción y obra civil | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 2462 | Ingenieros técnicos de obras públicas | 本职业范围更宽 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 31104 | Berufe in der Bauplanung und -überwachung (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 32104 | Berufe im Hochbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 32204 | Berufe im Tiefbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 24414 | Berufe im Metallbau - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 31144 | Berufe in der Wasserwirtschaft - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 34324 | Berufe im Rohrleitungsbau - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 092 | 土木技術者 | 范围相同 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源