Computer Hardware Engineers

Architecture and Engineering Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
17-2061.00

Research, design, develop, or test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or computer-related equipment and components.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    很高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.145

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.42

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 16 项（88.9%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan layout, including type of computers and peripheral equipment modifications.

17-2061.00

0.599482.9
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.

17-2061.00

0.101214.0
Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.

17-2061.00

0.01101.5
Write detailed functional specifications that document the hardware development process and support hardware introduction.

17-2061.00

0.00961.3
Analyze user needs and recommend appropriate hardware.

17-2061.00

0.00180.3
Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Update knowledge and skills to keep up with rapid advancements in computer technology.
—0
Provide technical support to designers, marketing and sales departments, suppliers, engineers and other team members throughout the product development and implementation process.
—0
Test and verify hardware and support peripherals to ensure that they meet specifications and requirements, by recording and analyzing test data.
—0
Monitor functioning of equipment and make necessary modifications to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.
—0
Build, test, and modify product prototypes using working models or theoretical models constructed with computer simulation.
—0
Direct technicians, engineering designers or other technical support personnel as needed.
—0
Select hardware and material, assuring compliance with specifications and product requirements.
—0
Specify power supply requirements and configuration, drawing on system performance expectations and design specifications.
—0
Assemble and modify existing pieces of equipment to meet special needs.
—0
Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.
—0
Design and develop computer hardware and support peripherals, including central processing units (CPUs), support logic, microprocessors, custom integrated circuits, and printers and disk drives.
—0
Provide training and support to system designers and users.
—0
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（18 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Update knowledge and skills to keep up with rapid advancements in computer technology.核心
Provide technical support to designers, marketing and sales departments, suppliers, engineers and other team members throughout the product development and implementation process.核心
Test and verify hardware and support peripherals to ensure that they meet specifications and requirements, by recording and analyzing test data.核心
Monitor functioning of equipment and make necessary modifications to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.核心
Build, test, and modify product prototypes, using working models or theoretical models constructed with computer simulation.核心
Analyze user needs and recommend appropriate hardware.核心
Direct technicians, engineering designers or other technical support personnel as needed.核心
Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.核心
Select hardware and material, assuring compliance with specifications and product requirements.核心
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.核心
Write detailed functional specifications that document the hardware development process and support hardware introduction.核心
Specify power supply requirements and configuration, drawing on system performance expectations and design specifications.核心
Provide training and support to system designers and users.核心
Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.核心
Design and develop computer hardware and support peripherals, including central processing units (CPUs), support logic, microprocessors, custom integrated circuits, and printers and disk drives.核心
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan layout, including type of computers and peripheral equipment modifications.补充
Assemble and modify existing pieces of equipment to meet special needs.补充
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
76K
预计就业人数，2035
83K
变化 (2025–35)
+9.1%
年薪中位数，2025
$161,740
入职通常所需学历
Bachelor's degree
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
22110컴퓨터 하드웨어 기술자 및 연구원范围相同已确认
23421메모리반도체 기술자 및 연구원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 2152Electronics Engineers

    电子工程师

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Electronics engineers conduct research on, design and direct the construction functioning, maintenance and repair of electronic systems, and study and advise on technological aspects of electronic engineering materials, products or processes.

任务

  • (a) advising on and designing electronic devices or components, circuits, semi-conductors and systems;
  • (b) specifying production or installation methods, materials and quality standards, and directing production or installation work of electronic products and systems;
  • (c) establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient functioning and safety of electronic systems, motors and equipment;
  • (d) organising and directing maintenance and repair of existing electronic systems and equipment;
  • (e) designing electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls;
  • (f) researching and advising on radar, telemetry and remote control systems, microwaves and other electronic equipment;
  • (g) designing and developing signal processing algorithms and implementing these through appropriate choice of hardware and software;
  • (h) developing apparatus and procedures to test electronic components, circuits and systems.

职业示例

Computer hardware engineer · Electronics engineer · Instrumentation engineer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • computer hardware engineerESCO 2152.1.1范围相同

    Computer hardware engineers design and develop computer hardware systems and components, such as circuit boards, modems, and printers. They draught blueprints and assembly drawings, develop and test the prototypes, and supervise the production process.

  • electronics engineerESCO 2152.1本职业范围更窄

    Electronic engineers research, design, and develop electronic systems such as circuits, semiconductor devices, and equipment that use electricity as a source of power. They work with capacitators, transistors, diodes or resistors to create electronic circuits and applications of use in fields such as telecommunications, acoustics, instruments, and control.

  • computer hardware engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.2有重叠，但不相同

    Computer hardware engineering technicians collaborate with computer hardware engineers in the development of computer hardware, such as motherboards, routers, and microprocessors. Computer hardware engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, monitoring, and maintaining the developed computer technology.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H1206Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie本职业范围更窄暂定
H1209Technicien / Technicienne en électricité et électronique études et développement相关，但不对应暂定
M1892Ingénieur / Ingénieure en informatique embarquée相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
2442Ingenieros electrónicos本职业范围更窄
2472Ingenieros técnicos en electrónica相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
26304Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄暂定
43124Berufe in der technischen Informatik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄暂定
26324Berufe in der Mikrosystemtechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
43123Berufe in der technischen Informatik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
072電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発）本职业范围更窄暂定
082電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発を除く）相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源