Fuel Cell Engineers
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 17-2141.01
Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.081
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.32
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 19 项（73.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.O*NET Task ID 16398 | 1.0 |
Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs.O*NET Task ID 16405 | 1.0 |
Design or implement fuel cell testing or development programs.O*NET Task ID 16415 | 1.0 |
Calculate the efficiency or power output of a fuel cell system or process.O*NET Task ID 16418 | 1.0 |
Design fuel cell systems, subsystems, stacks, assemblies, or components, such as electric traction motors or power electronics.O*NET Task ID 16420 | 1.0 |
Authorize release of fuel cell parts, components, or subsystems for production.O*NET Task ID 19948 | 1.0 |
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products.O*NET Task ID 16399 | 0.5 |
Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs.O*NET Task ID 16406 | 0.5 |
Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems.O*NET Task ID 16407 | 0.5 |
Identify or define vehicle and system integration challenges for fuel cell vehicles.O*NET Task ID 16411 | 0.5 |
Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures.O*NET Task ID 16414 | 0.5 |
Characterize component or fuel cell performances by generating operating maps, defining operating conditions, identifying design refinements, or executing durability assessments.O*NET Task ID 16417 | 0.5 |
Analyze fuel cell or related test data, using statistical software.O*NET Task ID 16419 | 0.5 |
Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers.O*NET Task ID 19946 | 0.5 |
Coordinate fuel cell engineering or test schedules with departments outside engineering, such as manufacturing.O*NET Task ID 19947 | 0.5 |
Manage fuel cell battery hybrid system architecture, including sizing of components, such as fuel cells, energy storage units, or electric drives.O*NET Task ID 19949 | 0.5 |
Define specifications for fuel cell materials.O*NET Task ID 19951 | 0.5 |
Develop or evaluate systems or methods of hydrogen storage for fuel cell applications.O*NET Task ID 19952 | 0.5 |
Evaluate the power output, system cost, or environmental impact of new hydrogen or non-hydrogen fuel cell system designs.O*NET Task ID 19953 | 0.5 |
Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems.O*NET Task ID 16403 | 0.0 |
Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance.O*NET Task ID 16408 | 0.0 |
Integrate electric drive subsystems with other vehicle systems to optimize performance or mitigate faults.O*NET Task ID 16410 | 0.0 |
Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems.O*NET Task ID 16412 | 0.0 |
Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment.O*NET Task ID 16413 | 0.0 |
Prepare test stations, instrumentation, or data acquisition systems for use in specific tests of fuel cell components or systems.O*NET Task ID 19945 | 0.0 |
Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy.O*NET Task ID 19950 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects. | 核心 |
| Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products. | 核心 |
| Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems. | 核心 |
| Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs. | 核心 |
| Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs. | 核心 |
| Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems. | 核心 |
| Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance. | 核心 |
| Integrate electric drive subsystems with other vehicle systems to optimize performance or mitigate faults. | 核心 |
| Identify or define vehicle and system integration challenges for fuel cell vehicles. | 核心 |
| Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems. | 核心 |
| Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment. | 核心 |
| Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures. | 核心 |
| Design or implement fuel cell testing or development programs. | 核心 |
| Characterize component or fuel cell performances by generating operating maps, defining operating conditions, identifying design refinements, or executing durability assessments. | 核心 |
| Calculate the efficiency or power output of a fuel cell system or process. | 核心 |
| Analyze fuel cell or related test data, using statistical software. | 核心 |
| Design fuel cell systems, subsystems, stacks, assemblies, or components, such as electric traction motors or power electronics. | 核心 |
| Prepare test stations, instrumentation, or data acquisition systems for use in specific tests of fuel cell components or systems. | 核心 |
| Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers. | 核心 |
| Coordinate fuel cell engineering or test schedules with departments outside engineering, such as manufacturing. | 核心 |
| Authorize release of fuel cell parts, components, or subsystems for production. | 核心 |
| Manage fuel cell battery hybrid system architecture, including sizing of components, such as fuel cells, energy storage units, or electric drives. | 核心 |
| Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy. | 核心 |
| Define specifications for fuel cell materials. | 核心 |
| Evaluate the power output, system cost, or environmental impact of new hydrogen or non-hydrogen fuel cell system designs. | 核心 |
| Develop or evaluate systems or methods of hydrogen storage for fuel cell applications. | 补充 |
0.25/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Prepare test stations, instrumentation, or data acquisition systems for use in specific tests of fuel cell components or systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 17-2141 组（Mechanical engineers），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 299K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 332K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +11.2%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $104,110
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23720 | 신재생에너지 기술자 및 연구원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2144Mechanical Engineers
机械工程师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Mechanical engineers conduct research; advise on, design and direct production of machines, aircraft, ships, machinery and industrial plant, equipment and systems; advise on and direct their functioning, maintenance and repair; or study and advise on mechanical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.
任务
- (a) advising on and designing machinery and tools for manufacturing, mining, construction, agricultural, and other industrial purposes;
- (b) advising on and designing steam, internal combustion and other non-electric motors and engines used for propulsion of railway locomotives, road vehicles or aircraft, or for driving industrial or other machinery;
- (c) advising on and designing: hulls, superstructures and propulsion systems of ships; mechanical plant and equipment for the release, control and utilization of energy; heating, ventilation and refrigeration systems, steering gear, pumps and other mechanical equipment;
- (d) advising on and designing airframes, undercarriages and other equipment for aircraft as well as suspension systems, brakes, vehicle bodies and other components of road vehicles;
- (e) advising on and designing non-electrical parts of apparatus or products such as word processors, computers, precision instruments, cameras and projectors;
- (f) establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient functioning and safety of machines, machinery, tools, motors, engines, industrial plant, equipment, or systems;
- (g) ensuring that equipment, operation and maintenance comply with design specifications and safety standards.
职业示例
Aeronautical engineer · Engine designer · Marine architect · Marine engineer · Mechanical engineer
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- renewable energy engineerESCO 2149.7.3有重叠，但不相同
Renewable energy engineers research alternative sources of energy in order to design systems for renewable energy production. They strive to optimise energy production from renewable sources, and reduce production expenses and environmental strain. They design systems which focus on energy sustainability and efficiency.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H1241 | Architecte système hydrogène | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2433 | Ingenieros mecánicos | 相关，但不对应 |
| 2435 | Ingenieros químicos | 相关，但不对应 |
| 2439 | Ingenieros no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 27104 | Berufe in der technischen Forschung und Entwicklung (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 26234 | Berufe in der Energie- und Kraftwerkstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 072 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発） | 相关，但不对应 |
| 077 | 化学技術者（開発） | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源