Surveying and Mapping Technicians

Architecture and Engineering Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 17-3031.00

Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.28
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 27 项（90.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Calculate latitudes, longitudes, angles, areas, or other information for mapmaking, using survey field notes or reference tables. O*NET Task ID 22115	1.0
Complete detailed source and method notes describing the location of routine or complex land parcels. O*NET Task ID 22121	1.0
Perform calculations to determine earth curvature corrections, atmospheric impacts on measurements, traverse closures or adjustments, azimuths, level runs, or placement of markers. O*NET Task ID 22126	1.0
Check all layers of maps to ensure accuracy, identifying and marking errors and making corrections. O*NET Task ID 22104	0.5
Design or develop information databases that include geographic or topographic data. O*NET Task ID 22105	0.5
Monitor mapping work or the updating of maps to ensure accuracy, inclusion of new or changed information, or compliance with rules and regulations. O*NET Task ID 22106	0.5
Produce or update overlay maps to show information boundaries, water locations, or topographic features on various base maps or at different scales. O*NET Task ID 22107	0.5
Determine scales, line sizes, or colors to be used for hard copies of computerized maps, using plotters. O*NET Task ID 22108	0.5
Compile information necessary to stake projects for construction, using engineering plans. O*NET Task ID 22109	0.5
Identify and compile database information to create requested maps. O*NET Task ID 22110	0.5
Operate and manage land-information computer systems, performing tasks such as storing data, making inquiries, and producing plots and reports. O*NET Task ID 22111	0.5
Compare survey computations with applicable standards to determine adequacy of data. O*NET Task ID 22112	0.5
Analyze aerial photographs to detect and interpret significant military, industrial, resource, or topographical data. O*NET Task ID 22113	0.5
Research and combine existing property information to describe property boundaries in relation to adjacent properties, taking into account parcel splits, combinations, or land boundary adjustments. O*NET Task ID 22114	0.5
Compare topographical features or contour lines with images from aerial photographs, old maps, or other reference materials to verify the accuracy of their identification. O*NET Task ID 22116	0.5
Trace contours or topographic details to generate maps that denote specific land or property locations or geographic attributes. O*NET Task ID 22117	0.5
Provide assistance in the development of methods and procedures for conducting field surveys. O*NET Task ID 22118	0.5
Trim, align, and join prints to form photographic mosaics, maintaining scaled distances between reference points. O*NET Task ID 22119	0.5
Answer questions and provide information to the public or to staff members regarding assessment maps, surveys, boundaries, easements, property ownership, roads, zoning, or similar matters. O*NET Task ID 22120	0.5
Collect information needed to carry out new surveys, using source maps, previous survey data, photographs, computer records, or other relevant information. O*NET Task ID 22123	0.5
Conduct surveys to ascertain the locations of natural features and man-made structures on the Earth's surface, underground, and underwater, using electronic distance-measuring equipment, such as GPS, and other surveying instruments. O*NET Task ID 22124	0.5
Enter Global Positioning System (GPS) data, legal deeds, field notes, or land survey reports into geographic information system (GIS) workstations so that information can be transformed into graphic land descriptions, such as maps and drawings. O*NET Task ID 22125	0.5
Prepare cost estimates for mapping projects. O*NET Task ID 22127	0.5
Prepare topographic or contour maps of land surveyed, including site features and other relevant information, such as charts, drawings, and survey notes. O*NET Task ID 22128	0.5
Record survey measurements or descriptive data, using notes, drawings, sketches, or inked tracings. O*NET Task ID 22129	0.5
Search for section corners, property irons, or survey points. O*NET Task ID 22130	0.5
Supervise or coordinate activities of workers engaged in surveying, plotting data, drafting maps, or producing blueprints, photostats, or photographs. O*NET Task ID 22132	0.5
再显示 17 项工作 ▾收起 ▴
Position and hold the vertical rods, or targets, that theodolite operators use for sighting to measure angles, distances, and elevations. O*NET Task ID 22103	0.0
Adjust and operate surveying instruments such as prisms, theodolites, electronic distance measuring equipment, or electronic data collectors. O*NET Task ID 22122	0.0
Set out and recover stakes, marks, or other monumentation. O*NET Task ID 22131	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（30 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Position and hold the vertical rods, or targets, that theodolite operators use for sighting to measure angles, distances, and elevations.	核心
Check all layers of maps to ensure accuracy, identifying and marking errors and making corrections.	核心
Design or develop information databases that include geographic or topographic data.	核心
Monitor mapping work or the updating of maps to ensure accuracy, inclusion of new or changed information, or compliance with rules and regulations.	核心
Produce or update overlay maps to show information boundaries, water locations, or topographic features on various base maps or at different scales.	核心
Determine scales, line sizes, or colors to be used for hard copies of computerized maps, using plotters.	核心
Compile information necessary to stake projects for construction, using engineering plans.	核心
Identify and compile database information to create requested maps.	核心
Operate and manage land-information computer systems, performing tasks such as storing data, making inquiries, and producing plots and reports.	核心
Compare survey computations with applicable standards to determine adequacy of data.	核心
Analyze aerial photographs to detect and interpret significant military, industrial, resource, or topographical data.	核心
Research and combine existing property information to describe property boundaries in relation to adjacent properties, taking into account parcel splits, combinations, or land boundary adjustments.	核心
Calculate latitudes, longitudes, angles, areas, or other information for mapmaking, using survey field notes or reference tables.	核心
Compare topographical features or contour lines with images from aerial photographs, old maps, or other reference materials to verify the accuracy of their identification.	核心
Trace contours or topographic details to generate maps that denote specific land or property locations or geographic attributes.	核心
Provide assistance in the development of methods and procedures for conducting field surveys.	核心
Trim, align, and join prints to form photographic mosaics, maintaining scaled distances between reference points.	核心
Answer questions and provide information to the public or to staff members regarding assessment maps, surveys, boundaries, easements, property ownership, roads, zoning, or similar matters.	核心
Complete detailed source and method notes describing the location of routine or complex land parcels.	核心
Adjust and operate surveying instruments such as prisms, theodolites, electronic distance measuring equipment, or electronic data collectors.	核心
Collect information needed to carry out new surveys, using source maps, previous survey data, photographs, computer records, or other relevant information.	核心
Conduct surveys to ascertain the locations of natural features and man-made structures on the Earth's surface, underground, and underwater, using electronic distance-measuring equipment, such as GPS, and other surveying instruments.	核心
Enter Global Positioning System (GPS) data, legal deeds, field notes, or land survey reports into geographic information system (GIS) workstations so that information can be transformed into graphic land descriptions, such as maps and drawings.	核心
Perform calculations to determine earth curvature corrections, atmospheric impacts on measurements, traverse closures or adjustments, azimuths, level runs, or placement of markers.	核心
Prepare topographic or contour maps of land surveyed, including site features and other relevant information, such as charts, drawings, and survey notes.	核心
Record survey measurements or descriptive data, using notes, drawings, sketches, or inked tracings.	核心
Search for section corners, property irons, or survey points.	核心
Set out and recover stakes, marks, or other monumentation.	核心
Supervise or coordinate activities of workers engaged in surveying, plotting data, drafting maps, or producing blueprints, photostats, or photographs.	核心
Prepare cost estimates for mapping projects.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.56/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Position and hold the vertical rods, or targets, that theodolite operators use for sighting to measure angles, distances, and elevations.	E2 受管理的设施
Trim, align, and join prints to form photographic mosaics, maintaining scaled distances between reference points.	E1 机器人专用设施
Adjust and operate surveying instruments such as prisms, theodolites, electronic distance measuring equipment, or electronic data collectors.	E1 机器人专用设施
Conduct surveys to ascertain the locations of natural features and man-made structures on the Earth's surface, underground, and underwater, using electronic distance-measuring equipment, such as GPS, and other surveying instruments.	E2 受管理的设施
Search for section corners, property irons, or survey points.	E0 机器人不可
Set out and recover stakes, marks, or other monumentation.	E0 机器人不可

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 59K
预计就业人数，2035: 62K
变化 (2025–35): +5.8%
年薪中位数，2025: $54,240
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
23161	측량 및 지리정보 기술자	本职业范围更窄	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 3112Civil Engineering Technicians
土木工程技术员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Civil engineering technicians perform technical tasks in civil engineering research and in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of buildings and other structures such as water supply and wastewater treatment systems, bridges, roads, dams and airports.

任务

(a) performing or assisting with field and laboratory tests of soils and construction materials;
(b) providing technical assistance connected with the construction of buildings and other structures, and with surveys or the preparation of survey reports;
(c) ensuring compliance with design specifications, relevant legislation and regulations, and maintenance of desired standards of materials and work;
(d) applying technical knowledge of building and civil engineering principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising;
(e) assisting with the preparation of detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for projects, according to the specifications given;
(f) organizing maintenance and repairs;
(g) inspecting buildings and structures during and after construction to ensure that they comply with building, grading, zoning and safety laws and approved plans, specifications and standards, as well as with other rules concerning quality and safety of buildings; (h) inspecting industrial plant, hotels, cinemas and other buildings and structures to detect fire hazards and advise on how they can be removed; (i) advising on the installation of fire detectors and sprinkler systems and the use of materials in the construction of buildings, and means of transportation to reduce risk of fire and extent of damage and danger if fire occurs.

职业示例

Building inspector · Building surveyor · Civil engineering technician · Clerk of Works · Fire inspector · Fire prevention specialist · Geotechnical technician · Surveying technician

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

surveying technicianESCO 3112.9范围相同
Surveying technicians carry out technical surveying tasks. They assist surveyors, architects or engineers in surveying related technical tasks such as mapping land, creating construction drawings and operating precise measuring equipment
hydrographic surveying technicianESCO 3111.5本职业范围更宽
Hydrographic surveying technicians perform oceanographic and surveying operations in marine environments. They assist hydrographic surveyors, using specialised equipment to map and study underwater topography and morphology of bodies of water. They assist in the installation and deployment of hydrographic and surveying equipment and report about their work.
mine surveying technicianESCO 3117.5本职业范围更宽
Mine surveying technicians conduct boundary and topographic surveys and surveys of the progress of mining operations. They operate surveying equipment and utilise programs to retrieve and interpret relevant data, and perform computations as required.
soil surveying technicianESCO 3111.14本职业范围更宽
Soil surveying technicians analyse soil by carrying out technical surveying tasks, using soil surveying techniques. They focus on the process of classifying soil types and other soil properties. Soil surveying technicians operate surveying equipment and utilise programs to retrieve and interpret relevant data, and perform computations as required.
cadastral technicianESCO 2165.1有重叠，但不相同
Cadastral technicians design and create maps and blue-prints, converting new measurement results into the real estate cadastre of a community. They define and indicate the property boundaries and ownerships, land use, and create city and district maps using measurement equipment and specialised software.
cartographerESCO 2165.2有重叠，但不相同
Cartographers create maps by combining various scientific informations depending of the purpose of the map (e.g. topographic, urban, or political maps). They combine the interpretation of mathematical notes and measurements with the aesthetics and visual depiction of the site for developing the maps. They may also work on developing and improving geographic information systems and may perform scientific research within cartography.
geographic information systems specialistESCO 2165.3有重叠，但不相同
Geographic information systems specialists use specialised computer systems, engineering measures, and geological concepts to process land, geographic, and geospatial information into visually detailed digital maps and geomodels of a reservoir. They convert technical information like soil density and properties into digital representations of it for the usage of engineers, governments, and stakeholders interested.
hydrographic surveyorESCO 2165.4.1有重叠，但不相同
Hydrographic surveyors measure and map, by means of specialised equipment, marine environments. They collect scientific data in order to study the underwater topography and morphology of bodies of water.
land surveyorESCO 2165.4有重叠，但不相同
Land surveyors determine, by means of specialised equipment, the distances and positions of points at the surface of sites for construction purposes. They use measurements of the specific aspects of construction sites, such as electricity, distance measurements, and metal structure volumes to create architectural drawings and develop construction projects.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
F1109	Assistant / Assistante géomètre	本职业范围更宽暂定
F1131	Géomètre du cadastre	本职业范围更宽暂定
F1107	Géomètre	有重叠，但不相同暂定
M1808	Cartographe	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
3122	Técnicos en construcción	本职业范围更窄
3110	Delineantes y dibujantes técnicos	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
31212	Berufe in der Vermessungstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	范围相同暂定
31222	Berufe in der Kartografie - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	有重叠，但不相同暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
093	測量技術者	本职业范围更窄
669	その他の建設従事者	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源