Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 19-1042.00
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.038
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.40
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 14 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 12 项（85.7%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.19-1042.00 | 0.020732.0 |
Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.19-1042.00 | 0.012319.0 |
Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.19-1042.00 | 0.008713.5 |
Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.19-1042.00 | 0.008513.2 |
Study animal and human health and physiological processes.19-1042.00 | 0.007311.3 |
Write and publish articles in scientific journals.19-1042.00 | 0.00507.8 |
Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, and others regarding medical applications of physics, biology, and chemistry.19-1042.00 | 0.00223.3 |
| Not observed on any surface — 6 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease. | —0 |
Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination. | —0 |
Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure. | —0 |
Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites. | —0 |
Confer with health departments, industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop health safety standards and public health improvement programs. | —0 |
Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, and chromatography systems. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write and publish articles in scientific journals.O*NET Task ID 20201 | 1.0 |
Write applications for research grants.O*NET Task ID 23906 | 1.0 |
Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.O*NET Task ID 7513 | 0.5 |
Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.O*NET Task ID 7515 | 0.5 |
Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.O*NET Task ID 7516 | 0.5 |
Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.O*NET Task ID 7517 | 0.5 |
Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.O*NET Task ID 7518 | 0.5 |
Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites.O*NET Task ID 7519 | 0.5 |
Confer with health departments, industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop health safety standards and public health improvement programs.O*NET Task ID 7520 | 0.5 |
Study animal and human health and physiological processes.O*NET Task ID 7521 | 0.5 |
Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, and others regarding medical applications of physics, biology, and chemistry.O*NET Task ID 7522 | 0.5 |
Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.O*NET Task ID 20200 | 0.5 |
Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.O*NET Task ID 7514 | 0.0 |
Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems.O*NET Task ID 7523 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（14 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease. | 核心 |
| Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination. | 核心 |
| Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels. | 核心 |
| Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians. | 核心 |
| Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure. | 核心 |
| Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public. | 核心 |
| Write and publish articles in scientific journals. | 核心 |
| Write applications for research grants. | 核心 |
| Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds. | 补充 |
| Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites. | 补充 |
| Confer with health departments, industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop health safety standards and public health improvement programs. | 补充 |
| Study animal and human health and physiological processes. | 补充 |
| Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, and others regarding medical applications of physics, biology, and chemistry. | 补充 |
| Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems. | 补充 |
0.37/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Study animal and human health and physiological processes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 181K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 204K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +12.6%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $103,410
- 入职通常所需学历
- Doctoral or professional degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21112 | 의학 연구원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 21113 | 약학 연구원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2131Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists and Related Professionals
生物学家、植物学家、动物学家及有关专业人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment, and apply this knowledge to solve human health and environmental problems. They work in diverse fields such as botany, zoology, ecology, marine biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, bacteriology and virology.
任务
- (a) undertaking research in laboratories and in the field to increase scientific knowledge of living organisms; to discover new information; to test hypotheses; to solve problems in areas such as the environment, agriculture and health; and to develop new products, processes and techniques for pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental use;
- (b) designing and conducting experiments and tests;
- (c) gathering human, animal, insect and plant specimens and data, and studying their origin, development, chemical and physical form, structure, composition, and life and reproductive processes;
- (d) examining living organisms using a variety of specialised equipment, instruments, technologies and techniques such as electron microscopes, telemetry, global positioning systems, biotechnology, satellite imaging, genetic engineering, digital imaging analysis, polymerase chain reaction and computer modelling;
- (e) identifying, classifying, recording and monitoring living organisms and maintaining databases;
- (f) writing scientific papers and reports detailing research and any new findings which are then made available to the scientific community in scientific journals or at conferences for scrutiny and further debate;
- (g) designing and carrying out environmental impact assessments to identify changes caused by natural or human factors;
- (h) providing advice to governments, organizations and businesses in areas such as conservation, management of natural resources, the effects of climate change and pollution.
职业示例
Animal behaviourist · Bacteriologist · Biochemist · Biologist · Biomedical researcher · Biotechnologist · Botanist · Cell geneticist · Marine biologist · Microbiologist · Molecular biologist · Molecular geneticist · Pharmacologist · Zoologist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- biomedical scientistESCO 3212.1本职业范围更宽
Biomedical scientists perform all laboratory methods required as part of medical examination, treatment and research activities, particularly clinical-chemical, haematological, immuno-haematological, histological, cytological, microbiological, parasitological, mycological, serological and radiological tests. They perform analytical sample testing and report the results to the medical staff for further diagnosis. Biomedical Scientists may apply these methods in particular in the infection, blood or cellular sciences.
- biomedical scientist advancedESCO 2131.4.3本职业范围更宽
Biomedical scientists advanced undertake advanced translational research in the biomedical science field and perform as educators of their professions or as other professionals.
- specialist biomedical scientistESCO 2131.4.11本职业范围更宽
Specialist biomedical scientists lead a department or specialist area, working as a diagnostic partner with a clinical team (investigating and diagnosing patient illnesses like diabetes, haematological disorders, coagulation, molecular biology or genomics) or undertaking clinical research projects.
- toxicologistESCO 2131.4.12本职业范围更宽
Toxicologists study the effects that chemical substances or biological and physical agents have in living organisms, more specifically, on the environment and on the animal and human health. They determine doses of the exposure to substances for arising toxic effects in environments, people, and living organisms, and also perform experiments on animals and cell cultures.
- immunologistESCO 2131.6有重叠，但不相同
Immunologists research the immune system of living organisms (e.g. human body) and the way it reacts to external infections or invasive harmful agents (e.g. virus, bacteria, parasites). They focus their study on those diseases that affect the immunology of living organisms in order to classify them for treatment.
- physiologistESCO 2131.4.10有重叠，但不相同
Physiologists study and exert research on the functioning of different living organisms, the parts they are composed of, and their interactions. They understand the fashion in which living systems react to factors such as diseases, physical activity, and stress, and use that information to develop methods and solutions to even out the effect that those stimuli have in living bodies.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H1222 | Responsable médical / Responsable médicale des études cliniques en industrie pharmaceutique | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K2402 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de recherche scientifique | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| K2404 | Chargé / Chargée de recherche en industrie pharmaceutique | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| J1106 | Responsable médical / Responsable médicale en région (RMR-MSL) en industrie pharmaceutique | 相关，但不对应 |
| M1710 | Responsable régional / Responsable régionale des relations scientifiques médicales | 相关，但不对应 |
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2421 | Biólogos, botánicos, zoólogos y afines | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 2112 | Otros médicos especialistas | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 41274 | Berufe in der Biologie (Humanbiologie) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 81814 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in der Pharmakologie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 81784 | Berufe in der nicht ärztlichen Therapie und Heilkunde (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 051 | 自然科学系研究者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 121 | 医師 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源