- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 19-2031.00
Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.261
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.39
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 13 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 9 项（69.2%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write technical papers or reports or prepare standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, or tests.O*NET Task ID 1511 | 1.0 |
Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques.O*NET Task ID 1505 | 0.5 |
Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods.O*NET Task ID 1506 | 0.5 |
Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 1507 | 0.5 |
Confer with scientists or engineers to conduct analyses of research projects, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests.O*NET Task ID 1508 | 0.5 |
Direct, coordinate, or advise personnel in test procedures for analyzing components or physical properties of materials.O*NET Task ID 1509 | 0.5 |
Study effects of various methods of processing, preserving, or packaging on composition or properties of foods.O*NET Task ID 1512 | 0.5 |
Evaluate laboratory safety procedures to ensure compliance with standards or to make improvements as needed.O*NET Task ID 20388 | 0.5 |
Purchase laboratory supplies, such as chemicals, when supplies are low or near their expiration date.O*NET Task ID 20389 | 0.5 |
Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis.O*NET Task ID 1510 | 0.0 |
Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests.O*NET Task ID 1513 | 0.0 |
Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed.O*NET Task ID 18474 | 0.0 |
Conduct quality control tests.O*NET Task ID 18475 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（12 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques. | 核心 |
| Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods. | 核心 |
| Compile and analyze test information to determine process or equipment operating efficiency or to diagnose malfunctions. | 核心 |
| Confer with scientists or engineers to conduct analyses of research projects, interpret test results, or develop nonstandard tests. | 核心 |
| Direct, coordinate, or advise personnel in test procedures for analyzing components or physical properties of materials. | 核心 |
| Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis. | 核心 |
| Write technical papers or reports or prepare standards and specifications for processes, facilities, products, or tests. | 核心 |
| Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests. | 核心 |
| Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed. | 核心 |
| Conduct quality control tests. | 核心 |
| Evaluate laboratory safety procedures to ensure compliance with standards or to make improvements as needed. | 核心 |
| Purchase laboratory supplies, such as chemicals, when supplies are low or near their expiration date. | 核心 |
0.95/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Analyze organic or inorganic compounds to determine chemical or physical properties, composition, structure, relationships, or reactions, using chromatography, spectroscopy, or spectrophotometry techniques. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Develop, improve, or customize products, equipment, formulas, processes, or analytical methods. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Induce changes in composition of substances by introducing heat, light, energy, or chemical catalysts for quantitative or qualitative analysis. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare test solutions, compounds, or reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct tests. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Maintain laboratory instruments to ensure proper working order and troubleshoot malfunctions when needed. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Conduct quality control tests. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 85K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 90K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +6.4%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $91,240
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21122 | 화학 연구원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 23215 | 화장품‧비누제품 기술자 및 연구원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2113Chemists
化学家
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Chemists conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to chemistry, to develop new knowledge or products and for quality and process control.
任务
- (a) conducting research and improving or developing concepts, instruments, theories and operational methods related to chemistry;
- (b) conducting experiments, tests and analyses to investigate chemical composition and energy and chemical changes in various natural or synthetic substances, materials and products;
- (c) developing procedures for environmental control, quality control and various other procedures for manufacturers or users;
- (d) conducting programmes of sample and data collection and analysis to identify and quantify environmental toxicants;
- (e) participating in interdisciplinary research and development projects working with chemical engineers, biologists, microbiologists, agronomists, geologists or other professionals;
- (f) using micro-organisms to convert substances into new compounds;
- (g) determining ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new materials.
- (h) reproducing and synthesizing naturally occurring substances and creating new artificial substances;
- (i) preparing scientific papers and reports.
职业示例
Chemist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- chemistESCO 2113.1范围相同
Chemists perform laboratory research by testing and analysing the chemical structure of substances.They translate the research results into industrial production processes which are further used in the development or improvement of products. Chemists are also testing the quality of the manufactured products and their environmental impact.
- chemical application specialistESCO 2113.1.2本职业范围更宽
Chemical application specialists develop chemical products according to the needs and expectation of the clients. They conduct development of formulas and processes of formulation as well as evaluation of the efficiency and performances of the formulations.
- cosmetic chemistESCO 2113.1.4本职业范围更宽
Cosmetic chemists develop formulas in order to create and test new cosmetic products and improve existing cosmetic products such as perfumes and fragrances, lipstick, waterproof lotions and makeup, hair dye, soaps and detergents with special properties, topical medicines or health supplements.
- textile chemistESCO 2113.1.6本职业范围更宽
Textile chemists coordinate and supervise chemical processes for textiles like yarn and fabric forming such as dyeing and finishing.
- biochemistESCO 2131.4.2有重叠，但不相同
Biochemists study and perform research on the reactions caused by chemicals in living organisms. This includes performing research for the development or improvement of chemical-based products (e.g. medicine) aimed at improving the health of living organisms and at better understanding their reactions.
- biochemistry technicianESCO 3141.2.2有重叠，但不相同
Biochemistry technicians provide technical assistance in researching, analysing and testing the reactions caused by chemicals in living organisms. They use laboratory equipment to help develop or improve chemical-based products and also collect and analyse data for experiments, compile reports and maintain laboratory stock.
- chemical engineerESCO 2145.1有重叠，但不相同
Chemical engineers design and develop large-scale chemical and physical production processes and are involved in the entire industrial process required for transforming raw materials into products.
- chemical engineering technicianESCO 3116.1有重叠，但不相同
Chemical engineering technicians transform raw materials in order to develop and test chemical products. They also work on improving chemical plant operations and processes.
- chemistry technicianESCO 3111.1有重叠，但不相同
Chemistry technicians monitor chemical processes and conduct tests to analyse chemical substances for manufacturing or scientific purposes. They work in laboratories or production facilities where they assist chemists in their work. Chemistry technicians perform laboratory activities, test chemical substances, analyse data and report about their work.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H1220 | Responsable formulation en industrie pharmaceutique | 本职业范围更宽 |
| H1503 | Technicien / Technicienne de laboratoire d'analyse industrielle | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| H1501 | Responsable de laboratoire d'analyse industrielle | 相关，但不对应 |
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H1505 | Nez | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| K2402 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de recherche scientifique | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2413 | Químicos | 范围相同 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 41303 | Berufe in der Chemie (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 41304 | Berufe in der Chemie (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 41384 | Berufe in der Chemie (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 41383 | Berufe in der Chemie (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 41324 | Berufe im chemisch-technischen Laboratorium - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 051 | 自然科学系研究者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 077 | 化学技術者（開発） | 相关，但不对应 |
| 087 | 化学技術者（開発を除く） | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源