Hydrologists
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 19-2043.00
Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.075
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.36
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 25 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 22 项（88.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Develop or modify methods for conducting hydrologic studies.O*NET Task ID 9111 | 1.0 |
Develop computer models for hydrologic predictions.O*NET Task ID 18617 | 1.0 |
Prepare written and oral reports describing research results, using illustrations, maps, appendices, and other information.O*NET Task ID 18618 | 1.0 |
Study and document quantities, distribution, disposition, and development of underground and surface waters.O*NET Task ID 9100 | 0.5 |
Coordinate and supervise the work of professional and technical staff, including research assistants, technologists, and technicians.O*NET Task ID 9102 | 0.5 |
Prepare hydrogeologic evaluations of known or suspected hazardous waste sites and land treatment and feedlot facilities.O*NET Task ID 9103 | 0.5 |
Design and conduct scientific hydrogeological investigations to ensure that accurate and appropriate information is available for use in water resource management decisions.O*NET Task ID 9104 | 0.5 |
Study public water supply issues, including flood and drought risks, water quality, wastewater, and impacts on wetland habitats.O*NET Task ID 9105 | 0.5 |
Collect and analyze water samples as part of field investigations or to validate data from automatic monitors.O*NET Task ID 9106 | 0.5 |
Apply research findings to help minimize the environmental impacts of pollution, waterborne diseases, erosion, and sedimentation.O*NET Task ID 9107 | 0.5 |
Measure and graph phenomena such as lake levels, stream flows, and changes in water volumes.O*NET Task ID 9108 | 0.5 |
Investigate complaints or conflicts related to the alteration of public waters, gathering information, recommending alternatives, informing participants of progress, and preparing draft orders.O*NET Task ID 9109 | 0.5 |
Answer questions and provide technical assistance and information to contractors or the public regarding issues such as well drilling, code requirements, hydrology, and geology.O*NET Task ID 9110 | 0.5 |
Evaluate data and provide recommendations regarding the feasibility of municipal projects, such as hydroelectric power plants, irrigation systems, flood warning systems, and waste treatment facilities.O*NET Task ID 9113 | 0.5 |
Conduct short- and long-term climate assessments and study storm occurrences.O*NET Task ID 9114 | 0.5 |
Study and analyze the physical aspects of the earth in terms of hydrological components, including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and interior structure.O*NET Task ID 9115 | 0.5 |
Conduct research and communicate information to promote the conservation and preservation of water resources.O*NET Task ID 9116 | 0.5 |
Design civil works associated with hydrographic activities and supervise their construction, installation, and maintenance.O*NET Task ID 9117 | 0.5 |
Review applications for site plans and permits and recommend approval, denial, modification, or further investigative action.O*NET Task ID 9118 | 0.5 |
Evaluate research data in terms of its impact on issues such as soil and water conservation, flood control planning, and water supply forecasting.O*NET Task ID 9119 | 0.5 |
Compile and evaluate hydrologic information to prepare navigational charts and maps and to predict atmospheric conditions.O*NET Task ID 9122 | 0.5 |
Investigate properties, origins, and activities of glaciers, ice, snow, and permafrost.O*NET Task ID 9123 | 0.5 |
Install, maintain, and calibrate instruments such as those that monitor water levels, rainfall, and sediments.O*NET Task ID 9112 | 0.0 |
Monitor the work of well contractors, exploratory borers, and engineers and enforce rules regarding their activities.O*NET Task ID 9120 | 0.0 |
Administer programs designed to ensure the proper sealing of abandoned wells.O*NET Task ID 9121 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Study and document quantities, distribution, disposition, and development of underground and surface waters. | 核心 |
| Coordinate and supervise the work of professional and technical staff, including research assistants, technologists, and technicians. | 核心 |
| Prepare hydrogeologic evaluations of known or suspected hazardous waste sites and land treatment and feedlot facilities. | 核心 |
| Design and conduct scientific hydrogeological investigations to ensure that accurate and appropriate information is available for use in water resource management decisions. | 核心 |
| Study public water supply issues, including flood and drought risks, water quality, wastewater, and impacts on wetland habitats. | 核心 |
| Collect and analyze water samples as part of field investigations or to validate data from automatic monitors. | 核心 |
| Apply research findings to help minimize the environmental impacts of pollution, waterborne diseases, erosion, and sedimentation. | 核心 |
| Measure and graph phenomena such as lake levels, stream flows, and changes in water volumes. | 核心 |
| Investigate complaints or conflicts related to the alteration of public waters, gathering information, recommending alternatives, informing participants of progress, and preparing draft orders. | 核心 |
| Answer questions and provide technical assistance and information to contractors or the public regarding issues such as well drilling, code requirements, hydrology, and geology. | 核心 |
| Develop or modify methods for conducting hydrologic studies. | 核心 |
| Install, maintain, and calibrate instruments such as those that monitor water levels, rainfall, and sediments. | 核心 |
| Evaluate data and provide recommendations regarding the feasibility of municipal projects, such as hydroelectric power plants, irrigation systems, flood warning systems, and waste treatment facilities. | 核心 |
| Conduct short- and long-term climate assessments and study storm occurrences. | 核心 |
| Study and analyze the physical aspects of the earth in terms of hydrological components, including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and interior structure. | 核心 |
| Conduct research and communicate information to promote the conservation and preservation of water resources. | 核心 |
| Review applications for site plans and permits and recommend approval, denial, modification, or further investigative action. | 核心 |
| Evaluate research data in terms of its impact on issues such as soil and water conservation, flood control planning, and water supply forecasting. | 核心 |
| Investigate properties, origins, and activities of glaciers, ice, snow, and permafrost. | 核心 |
| Develop computer models for hydrologic predictions. | 核心 |
| Prepare reports or presentations describing research results, using illustrations, maps, appendices, and other information. | 核心 |
| Design civil works associated with hydrographic activities and supervise their construction, installation, and maintenance. | 补充 |
| Monitor the work of well contractors, exploratory borers, and engineers and enforce rules regarding their activities. | 补充 |
| Administer programs designed to ensure the proper sealing of abandoned wells. | 补充 |
| Compile and evaluate hydrologic information to prepare navigational charts and maps and to predict atmospheric conditions. | 补充 |
0.14/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Collect and analyze water samples as part of field investigations or to validate data from automatic monitors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure and graph phenomena such as lake levels, stream flows, and changes in water volumes. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Install, maintain, and calibrate instruments such as those that monitor water levels, rainfall, and sediments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Investigate properties, origins, and activities of glaciers, ice, snow, and permafrost. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 6K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 6K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +1.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $96,600
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21124 | 지구 및 기상 과학 연구원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2114Geologists and geophysicists
地质学家和地球物理学家
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Geologists and geophysicists conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to geology and geophysics in such fields as oil, gas and mineral exploration and extraction, water conservation, civil engineering, telecommunications and navigation, and assessment and mitigation of the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment.
任务
- (a) conducting research and improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods related to geology and geophysics;
- (b) studying composition and structure of the Earth's crust, examining rocks, minerals, fossils and other materials to determine processes affecting the development of the Earth, trace evolution of past life, establish nature and chronology of geological formations and assess their commercial applications;
- (c) interpreting research data and preparing geological reports, maps, charts and diagrams, reports and papers;
- (d) applying geological knowledge to problems encountered in civil engineering projects such as the construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, and large buildings; and land reclamation projects;
- (e) using various remote sensing programmes to investigate and measure seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, and magnetic forces affecting the Earth;
- (f) estimating weight, size and mass of the Earth and composition and structure of its interior, and studying the nature, activity and predictability of volcanoes, glaciers and earthquakes;
- (g) charting the Earth's magnetic field and applying this and other collected data for broadcasting, navigation and other purposes;
- (h) studying and measuring physical properties of seas and the atmosphere and their inter-relationship, such as the exchange of thermal energy;
- (i) locating and determining the nature and extent of oil, gas and mineral deposits using seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, electrical or radiometric methods;
- (j) identifying deposits of construction materials and determining their characteristics and suitability for use as concrete aggregates, road fill or for other applications;
- (k) researching the movement, distribution and physical properties of ground and surface waters;
- (l) advising in areas such as waste management, route and site selection and the restoration of contaminated sites.
职业示例
Geological oceanographer · Geologist · Geophysical oceanographer · Geophysicist · Geoscientist
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- hydrologistESCO 2114.1.5范围相同
Hydrologists research and study the quality, current challenges, and distribution of water in the Earth. They study water supply from rivers, streams, and springs to determine their adequate and sustainable use. Together with a cross functional team of professionals, they plan and develop how water can be supplied to cities and urban areas while ensuring efficiency and resource conservation.
- hydrogeologistESCO 2114.1.4本职业范围更宽
Hydrogeologists in mining study the distribution, quality and flow of water in order to keep mine workings free of nuisance water and to ensure an adequate supply of process water. They supply and evaluate information which will protect ground and surface water from contamination.
- environmental geologistESCO 2114.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Environmental geologists study how mineral operations may impact the composition and physical characteristics of the earth and its resources. They provide advice on issues such as land reclamation and environmental pollution.
- geologistESCO 2114.1有重叠，但不相同
Geologists research the materials that form the earth. Their observations depend on the purpose of the research. Depending on their specialisation, geologists study how the Earth has been shaped over time, its geological layers, the quality of minerals for mining purposes, earthquakes and volcanic activity for private services, and similar phenomena.
- soil scientistESCO 2133.11有重叠，但不相同
Soil scientists research and study the scientific discipline concerning soil. They advise on how to improve soil quality to support nature, food production or human infrastructure using surveying techniques, irrigation techniques and erosion reduction measures. They make sure to conserve and restore land suffering from intense farming or human interaction.
- water engineerESCO 2142.1.11有重叠，但不相同
Water engineers research and develop methods for the provision of clean water, water treatment and flood damage prevention and reaction. They research water needs in a location and develop methods for meeting those needs, such as designing and developing projects for managing water resources such as treatment plants, pipelines, pump systems, irrigation or draining systems and other water supply systems. Water engineers also ensure proper installation of these systems on construction sites. Water engineers also maintain, repair and build structures that control water resources, such as bridges, canals and dams.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1124 | Hydrologue | 范围相同暂定 |
| F1105 | Géologue | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2414 | Geólogos y geofísicos | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 42124 | Berufe in der Geologie - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 31144 | Berufe in der Wasserwirtschaft - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 051 | 自然科学系研究者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 119 | その他の技術者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源