Economists

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 19-3011.00

Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.242
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.55
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 13 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 13 项（100.0%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers. 19-3011.00	0.050052.0	0.004018.5
Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques. 19-3011.00	0.022223.1	0.011151.2
Supervise research projects and students' study projects. 19-3011.00	0.00868.9	—0
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture. 19-3011.00	0.00707.3	0.004219.4
Conduct research on economic issues and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals. 19-3011.00	0.00495.1	0.002410.9
Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets. 19-3011.00	0.00353.6	—0
Not observed on any surface — 6 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Develop economic guidelines and standards and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy.	—0	—0
Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses.	—0	—0
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption and depletion of non-renewable resources.	—0	—0
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.	—0	—0
Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations.	—0	—0
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture. O*NET Task ID 7536	0.5
Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers. O*NET Task ID 7537	0.5
Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques. O*NET Task ID 7538	0.5
Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets. O*NET Task ID 7539	0.5
Develop economic guidelines and standards, and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy. O*NET Task ID 7540	0.5
Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy, and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses. O*NET Task ID 7541	0.5
Supervise research projects and students' study projects. O*NET Task ID 7542	0.5
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources. O*NET Task ID 7543	0.5
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics. O*NET Task ID 7544	0.5
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness. O*NET Task ID 20051	0.5
Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations. O*NET Task ID 20052	0.5
Conduct research on economic issues, and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals. O*NET Task ID 20053	0.5
Explain economic impact of policies to the public. O*NET Task ID 21106	0.5
再显示 3 项工作 ▾收起 ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（14 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture.	核心
Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers.	核心
Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques.	核心
Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets.	核心
Develop economic guidelines and standards, and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy.	核心
Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy, and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses.	核心
Supervise research projects and students' study projects.	核心
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.	核心
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.	核心
Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations.	核心
Conduct research on economic issues, and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals.	核心
Explain economic impact of policies to the public.	核心
Review documents written by others.	核心
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources.	补充

就业展望（BLS）

这些数值属于整个 SOC 19-3011 组（Economists），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。

就业人数，2025: 19K
预计就业人数，2035: 20K
变化 (2025–35): +4.7%
年薪中位数，2025: $124,720
入职通常所需学历: Master's degree

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
21222	경제학 연구원	范围相同	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 2631Economists
经济学家

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Economists conduct research, monitor data, analyse information and prepare reports and plans to resolve economic and business problems and develop models to analyse, explain and forecast economic behaviour and patterns. They provide advice to business, interest groups and governments to formulate solutions to present or projected economic and business problems.

任务

(a) forecasting changes in the economic environment for short-term budgeting, long-term planning and investment evaluation;
(b) formulating recommendations, policies and plans for the economy, corporate strategies and investment, and undertaking feasibility studies for projects;
(c) monitoring economic data to assess the effectiveness, and advise on the appropriateness, of monetary and fiscal policies;
(d) forecasting production and consumption of specific products and services based on records of past production and consumption and general economic and industry-specific conditions;
(e) preparing forecasts of income and expenditure, interest rates and exchange rates;
(f) analysing factors that determine labour force participation, employment, wages, unemployment and other labour market outcomes;
(g) applying mathematical formulae and statistical techniques and apply to test economic theories and devise solutions to economic problems;
(h) compiling, analysing and interpreting economic data using economic theory and a variety of statistical and other techniques;
(i) evaluating the outcome of political decisions concerning public economy and finances and advising on economic policy and possible courses of action in the light of past, present and projected economic factors and trends;
(j) preparing scholarly papers and reports;
(k) examining problems related to the economic activities of individual companies;
(l) conducting research on market conditions in local, regional or national areas to set sales and pricing levels for goods and services, to assess market potential and future trends and to develop business strategies.

职业示例

Econometrician · Economic adviser · Economic analyst · Economist · Labour economist

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

economistESCO 2631.1范围相同
Economists perform research and develop theories in the field of economics, whether for microeconomic or macroeconomic analysis. They study trends, analyse statistical data, and to some extent work with economic mathematical models in order to advise companies, governments, and related institutions. They advise on product feasibility, trend forecasts, emerging markets, tax policies, and consumer trends.
economic adviserESCO 2631.1.2本职业范围更宽
Economic advisers research economic developments and advise on economic problems. They forecast trends and behaviour in economics, and advise on finance, trade, fiscal and other related matters. They advise companies and organisations on techniques to gain economic profit.
trade development officerESCO 2422.14本职业范围更宽
Trade development officers develop and implement trade policies both internally and in international import and export relations. They analyse the domestic and foreign markets in order to promote and establish business operations, and ensure trade proceedings are compliant with legislation and businesses are protected from distortions.
business economics researcherESCO 2631.1.1有重叠，但不相同
Business economics researchers conduct research on topics regarding economy, organisations, and strategy. They analyse macroeconomic and microeconomic trends and use this information to analyse the positions of industries or specific companies in the economy. They provide advice regarding strategic planning, product feasibility, forecast trends, emerging markets, taxing policies, and consumer trends.
economic development coordinatorESCO 2631.1.3有重叠，但不相同
Economic development coordinators outline and implement policies for the improvement of a community's, government's or institution's economic growth and stability. They research economic trends and coordinate cooperation between institutions working in economic development. They analyse potential economic risks and conflicts and develop plans to resolve them. Economic development coordinators advise on the economic sustainability of institutions and economic growth.
economic policy officerESCO 2412.3有重叠，但不相同
Economic policy officers develop economic strategies. They monitor aspects of economics such as competitiveness, innovation and trade. Economic policy officers contribute to the development of economic policies, projects and programs. They research, analyse and assess public policy problems and recommend appropriate actions.
fiscal affairs policy officerESCO 2422.10.6有重叠，但不相同
Fiscal policy officers research, analyse and develop policies related to taxation and government spending in public policy sectors, and implement these policies to improve the existing regulation around the sector. They work closely with partners, external organisations or other stakeholders and provide them with regular updates.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
M1422	Directeur / Directrice d'études socio-économiques	本职业范围更宽
M1224	Economiste financier / Economiste financière	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1408	Responsable des études pharmaco-économiques en industrie pharmaceutique	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1409	Ingénieur / Ingénieure économiste en entreprise	本职业范围更宽暂定
M1403	Chargé / Chargée d'études socio-économiques	有重叠，但不相同暂定
C1216	Rédacteur / Rédactrice Banque de France	相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
2810	Economistas	范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
91404	Berufe in Wirtschaftswissenschaften (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	范围相同暂定
91484	Berufe in Wirtschaftswissenschaften (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
052	人文・社会科学系等研究者	本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源