Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors
Community and Social Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 21-1012.00
Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational guidance services.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.118
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.33–0.45· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 2359Teaching Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.33
- ISCO-08 2423Personnel and Careers Professionals0.45
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 34 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 19 项（55.9%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 21-1012.00 Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Instruct individuals in career development techniques such as job search and application strategies, resume writing, and interview skills.21-1012.00 | 0.663875.8 | 0.040239.9 |
Teach classes and present self-help or information sessions on subjects related to education and career planning.21-1012.00 | 0.05716.5 | 0.00525.1 |
Provide students with information on such topics as college degree programs and admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, trade and technical schools, and apprenticeship programs.21-1012.00 | 0.04715.4 | 0.014013.9 |
Compile and study occupational, educational, and economic information to assist counselees in determining and carrying out vocational and educational objectives.21-1012.00 | 0.04475.1 | 0.013913.7 |
Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning.21-1012.00 | 0.02332.7 | 0.00424.2 |
Evaluate students' or individuals' abilities, interests, and personality characteristics using tests, records, interviews, or professional sources.21-1012.00 | 0.01541.8 | 0.00848.3 |
Counsel individuals to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations.21-1012.00 | 0.00790.9 | 0.00212.1 |
Interview clients to obtain information about employment history, educational background, and career goals, and to identify barriers to employment.21-1012.00 | 0.00360.4 | 0.00727.1 |
Refer qualified counselees to employers or employment services for job placement.21-1012.00 | 0.00360.4 | —0 |
Plan and promote career and employment-related programs and events, such as career planning presentations, work-experience programs, job fairs, and career workshops.21-1012.00 | 0.00320.4 | —0 |
Provide information for teachers and staff members involved in helping students or graduates identify and pursue employment opportunities.21-1012.00 | 0.00280.3 | —0 |
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.21-1012.00 | 0.00190.2 | —0 |
Plan, direct, and participate in recruitment and enrollment activities.21-1012.00 | 0.00180.2 | 0.00575.7 |
| Not observed on any surface — 21 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct follow-up interviews with counselees to determine if their needs have been met. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and conduct orientation programs and group conferences to promote the adjustment of individuals to new life experiences such as starting college. | —0 | —0 |
Assess needs for assistance such as rehabilitation, financial aid, or additional vocational training, and refer clients to the appropriate services. | —0 | —0 |
Address community groups, faculty, and staff members to explain available counseling services. | —0 | —0 |
Provide special services such as alcohol and drug prevention programs and classes that teach students to handle conflicts without resorting to violence. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs. | —0 | —0 |
Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals. | —0 | —0 |
Collaborate with teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of school programs and in the preparation of master schedules for curriculum offerings. | —0 | —0 |
Observe students during classroom and play activities to evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. | —0 | —0 |
Attend meetings, educational conferences, and training workshops and serve on committees. | —0 | —0 |
Establish and enforce administration policies and rules governing student behavior. | —0 | —0 |
Review transcripts to ensure that students meet graduation or college entrance requirements and write letters of recommendation. | —0 | —0 |
Refer students to degree programs based on interests, aptitudes, or educational assessments. | —0 | —0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities such as restrooms. | —0 | —0 |
Establish and supervise peer counseling and peer tutoring programs. | —0 | —0 |
Sponsor extracurricular activities such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests. | —0 | —0 |
Establish contacts with employers to create internship and employment opportunities for students. | —0 | —0 |
Supervise, train, and direct professional staff and interns. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.O*NET Task ID 5623 | 1.0 |
Review transcripts to ensure that students meet graduation or college entrance requirements, and write letters of recommendation.O*NET Task ID 5631 | 1.0 |
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.O*NET Task ID 5606 | 0.5 |
Provide students with information on topics such as college degree programs and admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, trade and technical schools, and apprenticeship programs.O*NET Task ID 5616 | 0.5 |
Teach classes and present self-help or information sessions on subjects related to education and career planning.O*NET Task ID 5619 | 0.5 |
Conduct follow-up interviews with counselees to determine if their needs have been met.O*NET Task ID 5621 | 0.5 |
Assess needs for assistance, such as rehabilitation, financial aid, or additional vocational training, and refer clients to the appropriate services.O*NET Task ID 5625 | 0.5 |
Instruct individuals in career development techniques, such as job search and application strategies, resume writing, and interview skills.O*NET Task ID 5626 | 0.5 |
Compile and study occupational, educational, and economic information to assist counselees in determining and carrying out vocational and educational objectives.O*NET Task ID 5629 | 0.5 |
Provide information for teachers and staff members involved in helping students or graduates identify and pursue employment opportunities.O*NET Task ID 5630 | 0.5 |
Refer students to degree programs based on interests, aptitudes, or educational assessments.O*NET Task ID 5632 | 0.5 |
Establish and supervise peer-counseling and peer-tutoring programs.O*NET Task ID 5637 | 0.5 |
Refer qualified counselees to employers or employment services for job placement.O*NET Task ID 5639 | 0.5 |
Evaluate students' or individuals' abilities, interests, and personality characteristics, using tests, records, interviews, or professional sources.O*NET Task ID 18625 | 0.5 |
Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning.O*NET Task ID 18627 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of school programs and in the preparation of master schedules for curriculum offerings.O*NET Task ID 18628 | 0.5 |
Plan and promote career and employment-related programs and events, such as career planning presentations, work experience programs, job fairs, and career workshops.O*NET Task ID 18631 | 0.5 |
Establish contacts with employers to create internship and employment opportunities for students.O*NET Task ID 18633 | 0.5 |
Plan, direct, and participate in recruitment and enrollment activities.O*NET Task ID 18634 | 0.5 |
Counsel individuals to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations.O*NET Task ID 5605 | 0.0 |
Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools.O*NET Task ID 5608 | 0.0 |
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.O*NET Task ID 5611 | 0.0 |
Plan and conduct orientation programs and group conferences to promote the adjustment of individuals to new life experiences, such as starting college.O*NET Task ID 5624 | 0.0 |
Address community groups, faculty, and staff members to explain available counseling services.O*NET Task ID 5627 | 0.0 |
Provide special services such as alcohol and drug prevention programs and classes that teach students to handle conflicts without resorting to violence.O*NET Task ID 5633 | 0.0 |
Provide disabled students with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.O*NET Task ID 5634 | 0.0 |
Interview clients to obtain information about employment history, educational background, and career goals, and to identify barriers to employment.O*NET Task ID 5636 | 0.0 |
Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.O*NET Task ID 5640 | 0.0 |
Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs.O*NET Task ID 18624 | 0.0 |
Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals.O*NET Task ID 18626 | 0.0 |
Observe students during classroom and play activities to evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.O*NET Task ID 18629 | 0.0 |
Attend meetings, educational conferences, and training workshops, and serve on committees.O*NET Task ID 18630 | 0.0 |
Establish and enforce administration policies and rules governing student behavior.O*NET Task ID 18632 | 0.0 |
Supervise, train, and direct professional staff and interns.O*NET Task ID 18635 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（35 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations. | 核心 |
| Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools. | 核心 |
| Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks. | 核心 |
| Provide students with information on topics such as college degree programs and admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, trade and technical schools, and apprenticeship programs. | 核心 |
| Teach classes and present self-help or information sessions on subjects related to education and career planning. | 核心 |
| Conduct follow-up interviews with counselees to determine if their needs have been met. | 核心 |
| Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration. | 核心 |
| Plan and conduct orientation programs and group conferences to promote the adjustment of individuals to new life experiences, such as starting college. | 核心 |
| Assess needs for assistance, such as rehabilitation, financial aid, or additional vocational training, and refer clients to the appropriate services. | 核心 |
| Instruct individuals in career development techniques, such as job search and application strategies, resume writing, and interview skills. | 核心 |
| Address community groups, faculty, and staff members to explain available counseling services. | 核心 |
| Provide information for teachers and staff members involved in helping students or graduates identify and pursue employment opportunities. | 核心 |
| Review transcripts to ensure that students meet graduation or college entrance requirements, and write letters of recommendation. | 核心 |
| Refer students to degree programs based on interests, aptitudes, or educational assessments. | 核心 |
| Evaluate students' or individuals' abilities, interests, and personality characteristics, using tests, records, interviews, or professional sources. | 核心 |
| Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning. | 核心 |
| Collaborate with teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of school programs and in the preparation of master schedules for curriculum offerings. | 核心 |
| Attend meetings, educational conferences, and training workshops, and serve on committees. | 核心 |
| Plan and promote career and employment-related programs and events, such as career planning presentations, work experience programs, job fairs, and career workshops. | 核心 |
| Plan, direct, and participate in recruitment and enrollment activities. | 核心 |
| Counsel individuals or groups to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations. | 核心 |
| Refer students to outside counseling services. | 核心 |
| Compile and study occupational, educational, and economic information to assist counselees in determining and carrying out vocational and educational objectives. | 补充 |
| Provide special services such as alcohol and drug prevention programs and classes that teach students to handle conflicts without resorting to violence. | 补充 |
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | 补充 |
| Interview clients to obtain information about employment history, educational background, and career goals, and to identify barriers to employment. | 补充 |
| Establish and supervise peer-counseling and peer-tutoring programs. | 补充 |
| Refer qualified counselees to employers or employment services for job placement. | 补充 |
| Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests. | 补充 |
| Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs. | 补充 |
| Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals. | 补充 |
| Observe students during classroom and play activities to evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health. | 补充 |
| Establish and enforce administration policies and rules governing student behavior. | 补充 |
| Establish contacts with employers to create internship and employment opportunities for students. | 补充 |
| Supervise, train, and direct professional staff and interns. | 补充 |
0.03/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms. | E2 受管理的设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 390K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 401K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +2.9%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $64,330
- 入职通常所需学历
- Master's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25322 | 직업상담사 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 25330 | 상담 전문가 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 26913 | 입학 사정관 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2359Teaching Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的教学专业人员
- ISCO-08 2423Personnel and Careers Professionals
人事和职业指导专业人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- academic advisorESCO 2359.1本职业范围更宽
Academic advisors assist students, at post-secondary level, in recognising and achieving their educational goals. They advise students on their schedule selection of school programmes, communicate to them degree requirements, and assist them in career planning. Academic advisors also discuss the student's academic performance and its implications and make suggestions for improvement including study advice. They also work closely with other university administrators and professors and ensure they are up to date on university or college regulation, program, or requirement changes.
- academic support officerESCO 2359.2本职业范围更宽
Academic support officers provide assistance to students with learning problems and act as the main point of contact for these students. They make sure extra tuition and educational programmes are provided to under-represented students with academic or personal issues. They also organise several social activities throughout the academic year.
- educational counsellorESCO 2359.6本职业范围更宽
Educational counsellors provide practical and emotional support to students in a educational institution, either in small groups, classrooms, or individually. They function as an accessible school official whom students may contact for a wide variety of issues. Educational counsellors may provide advice on personal problems such as social integration and behavioural issues, and on school-related matters such as composing adequate curriculum schedules, discussing test scores, and informing students on further education options. They may work closely with a school social worker and/or school psychologist and make referrals to other support services if necessary.
- student financial support coordinatorESCO 3312.7本职业范围更宽
Student financial support coordinators assist students and education administrators in the management of tuition fees and student loans. They advise on and determine the amounts and the eligibility of student loans, advise students on available, suitable loans and liaise with outside loans sources, such as banks, to facilitate the student loan process. They make professional judgement decisions concerning students' eligibility for financial aid and may set up counsel meetings including the student's parents to discuss financial support issues and solutions.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| K2112 | Conseiller / Conseillère d'orientation | 范围相同 |
| K1107 | Conseiller / Conseillère d'orientation psychologue | 本职业范围更宽 |
| K2126 | Conseiller / Conseillère en validation des acquis de l'expérience | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K1812 | Chargé / Chargée de projet emploi | 相关，但不对应 |
| K2115 | Conseiller principal / Conseillère principale d'éducation | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2329 | Profesores y profesionales de la enseñanza no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 2624 | Especialistas en políticas y servicios de personal y afines | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 2824 | Profesionales del trabajo y la educación social | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 71524 | Berufe in der Personaldienstleistung - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 71523 | Berufe in der Personaldienstleistung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 84184 | Lehrkräfte an allgemeinbildenden Schulen (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 243 | カウンセラー(医療・福祉施設を除く) | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源