Photographers

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 27-4021.00

Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.195
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.39
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 29 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 22 项（75.9%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects. 27-4021.00	0.018735.6	0.036845.0
Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software. 27-4021.00	0.016731.9	0.037145.2
Review sets of photographs to select the best work. 27-4021.00	0.008716.6	—0
Develop visual aids and charts for use in lectures or to present evidence in court. 27-4021.00	0.006712.9	0.00253.1
Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location. 27-4021.00	0.00163.0	0.00293.5
Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions.	—0	0.00263.2
Not observed on any surface — 23 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus based on a combination of factors such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.	—0	—0
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.	—0	—0
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.	—0	—0
Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order.	—0	—0
Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas.	—0	—0
Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly.	—0	—0
Perform general office duties such as scheduling appointments, keeping books, and ordering supplies.	—0	—0
Determine project goals, locations, and equipment needs by studying assignments and consulting with clients or advertising staff.	—0	—0
Set up, mount, or install photographic equipment and cameras.	—0	—0
Produce computer-readable, digital images from film, using flatbed scanners and photofinishing laboratories.	—0	—0
Direct activities of workers who are setting up photographic equipment.	—0	—0
Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission.	—0	—0
Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques.	—0	—0
Employ a variety of specialized photographic materials and techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet films, macro photography, photogrammetry and sensitometry.	—0	—0
Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials.	—0	—0
Set up photographic exhibitions for the purpose of displaying and selling work.	—0	—0
Load and unload film.	—0	—0
License the use of photographs through stock photo agencies.	—0	—0
Mount, frame, laminate, or lacquer finished photographs.	—0	—0
Photograph legal evidence at crime scenes, in hospitals, or in forensic laboratories.	—0	—0
Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touchup tools, and developing and printing equipment.	—0	—0
Write photograph captions.	—0	—0
Send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Perform general office duties, such as scheduling appointments, keeping books, and ordering supplies. O*NET Task ID 9354	1.0
Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location. O*NET Task ID 9343	0.5
Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed. O*NET Task ID 9344	0.5
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments. O*NET Task ID 9345	0.5
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors. O*NET Task ID 9346	0.5
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects. O*NET Task ID 9347	0.5
Review sets of photographs to select the best work. O*NET Task ID 9350	0.5
Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas. O*NET Task ID 9351	0.5
Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software. O*NET Task ID 9352	0.5
Determine project goals, locations, and equipment needs by studying assignments and consulting with clients or advertising staff. O*NET Task ID 9355	0.5
Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques. O*NET Task ID 9357	0.5
Produce computer-readable, digital images from film, using flatbed scanners and photofinishing laboratories. O*NET Task ID 9360	0.5
Employ a variety of specialized photographic materials and techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet films, macro photography, photogrammetry and sensitometry. O*NET Task ID 9362	0.5
Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials. O*NET Task ID 9363	0.5
Set up photographic exhibitions for the purpose of displaying and selling work. O*NET Task ID 9364	0.5
Develop visual aids and charts for use in lectures or to present evidence in court. O*NET Task ID 9366	0.5
License the use of photographs through stock photo agencies. O*NET Task ID 9367	0.5
Photograph legal evidence at crime scenes, in hospitals, or in forensic laboratories. O*NET Task ID 9369	0.5
Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission. O*NET Task ID 20558	0.5
Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touch-up tools, and developing and printing equipment. O*NET Task ID 20559	0.5
Write photograph captions. O*NET Task ID 20560	0.5
Send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing. O*NET Task ID 20561	0.5
再显示 12 项工作 ▾收起 ▴
Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order. O*NET Task ID 9349	0.0
Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly. O*NET Task ID 9353	0.0
Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions. O*NET Task ID 9356	0.0
Set up, mount, or install photographic equipment and cameras. O*NET Task ID 9358	0.0
Direct activities of workers setting up photographic equipment. O*NET Task ID 9361	0.0
Load and unload film. O*NET Task ID 9365	0.0
Mount, frame, laminate, or lacquer finished photographs. O*NET Task ID 9368	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（28 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location.	核心
Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.	核心
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.	核心
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.	核心
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects.	核心
Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order.	核心
Review sets of photographs to select the best work.	核心
Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas.	核心
Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software.	核心
Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly.	核心
Perform general office duties, such as scheduling appointments, keeping books, and ordering supplies.	核心
Determine project goals, locations, and equipment needs by studying assignments and consulting with clients or advertising staff.	核心
Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions.	核心
Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques.	核心
Set up, mount, or install photographic equipment and cameras.	核心
Direct activities of workers setting up photographic equipment.	核心
Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials.	核心
Mount, frame, laminate, or lacquer finished photographs.	核心
Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission.	核心
Produce computer-readable, digital images from film, using flatbed scanners and photofinishing laboratories.	补充
Employ a variety of specialized photographic materials and techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet films, macro photography, photogrammetry and sensitometry.	补充
Set up photographic exhibitions for the purpose of displaying and selling work.	补充
Load and unload film.	补充
Develop visual aids and charts for use in lectures or to present evidence in court.	补充
License the use of photographs through stock photo agencies.	补充
Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touch-up tools, and developing and printing equipment.	补充
Write photograph captions.	补充
Send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.20/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location.	E1 机器人专用设施
Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.	E1 机器人专用设施
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.	E0 机器人不可
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.	E0 机器人不可
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects.	E0 机器人不可
Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order.	E1 机器人专用设施
Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly.	E1 机器人专用设施
Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions.	E0 机器人不可
Set up, mount, or install photographic equipment and cameras.	E0 机器人不可
Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials.	E0 机器人不可
Mount, frame, laminate, or lacquer finished photographs.	E1 机器人专用设施
Produce computer-readable, digital images from film, using flatbed scanners and photofinishing laboratories.	E1 机器人专用设施
Employ a variety of specialized photographic materials and techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet films, macro photography, photogrammetry and sensitometry.	E1 机器人专用设施
Set up photographic exhibitions for the purpose of displaying and selling work.	E1 机器人专用设施
Load and unload film.	E1 机器人专用设施
Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touch-up tools, and developing and printing equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing.	E1 机器人专用设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 145K
预计就业人数，2035: 144K
变化 (2025–35): -0.7%
年薪中位数，2025: $44,660
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
29421	사진작가	本职业范围更宽	已确认
29422	사진기자	本职业范围更宽	已确认
29423	사진가	本职业范围更宽	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 3431Photographers
摄影师

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Photographers operate still cameras to photograph people, events, scenes, materials, products and other subjects.

任务

(a) taking photographs for advertising, or other commercial, industrial or scientific purposes and to illustrate stories and articles in newspapers, magazines and other publications;
(b) taking portrait photographs of persons and groups of persons;
(c) studying requirements of a particular assignment and decide on type of camera, film, lighting and background accessories to be used;
(d) determining picture composition, making technical adjustments to equipment and photograph subject;
(e) operating scanners to transfer photographic images to computers;
(f) operating computers to manipulate photographic images;
(g) adapting existing photographic images to create new digitized images to be included in multimedia products;
(h) using airbrush, computer or other techniques to create the desired visual effect.

职业示例

Aerial photographer · Commercial photographer · Industrial photographer · Photographer · Photo journalist · Portrait photographer · Scientific photographer

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

photographerESCO 3431.1范围相同
Photographers take pictures using digital or film cameras and equipment. Photographers may develop negatives or use computer software in order to produce finished images and prints.
video artistESCO 2651.12本职业范围更窄
Video artists create videos using analogue or digital techniques to obtain special effects, animation, or other animated visuals using films, videos, images, computer or other electronic tools.
photojournalistESCO 3431.2本职业范围更宽
Photojournalists cover all kinds of news events by taken informative images. They tell stories by taking, editing and presenting images for newspapers, journals, magazines, television and other media.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
E1201	Photographe professionnel / Photographe professionnelle	范围相同暂定
E1208	Chef / Cheffe de studio de photographie	本职业范围更宽暂定
E1114	Reporter / Reportrice	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
3731	Fotógrafos	范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
23322	Berufe in der Fotografie - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	范围相同暂定
23323	Berufe in der Fotografie - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽暂定
23393	Aufsichtskräfte - Fototechnik und Fotografie	本职业范围更宽暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
225	写真家，映像撮影者	本职业范围更窄暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源