Cardiologists
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 29-1212.00
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.27–0.29· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
- 数据来源: OpenAI发布时间: 2023
0.231
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.844尺度 · 母数 · 来源
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 2211Generalist Medical Practitioners0.29
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners0.27
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 18 项（69.2%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, or disease prevention.O*NET Task ID 22690 | 0.5 |
Answer questions that patients have about their health and well-being.O*NET Task ID 22691 | 0.5 |
Calculate valve areas from blood flow velocity measurements.O*NET Task ID 22692 | 0.5 |
Compare measurements of heart wall thickness and chamber sizes to standards to identify abnormalities, using the results of an echocardiogram.O*NET Task ID 22693 | 0.5 |
Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments.O*NET Task ID 22694 | 0.5 |
Conduct exercise electrocardiogram tests to monitor cardiovascular activity under stress.O*NET Task ID 22695 | 0.5 |
Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures that prevent or control disease or injury.O*NET Task ID 22696 | 0.5 |
Design and explain treatment plans, based on patient information such as medical history, reports, and examination results.O*NET Task ID 22698 | 0.5 |
Diagnose medical conditions of patients, using records, reports, test results, or examination information.O*NET Task ID 22700 | 0.5 |
Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients.O*NET Task ID 22701 | 0.5 |
Monitor patient progress following cardiac surgery.O*NET Task ID 22703 | 0.5 |
Monitor patients' conditions and progress, and reevaluate treatments, as necessary.O*NET Task ID 22704 | 0.5 |
Observe ultrasound display screen, and listen to signals to record vascular information, such as blood pressure, limb volume changes, oxygen saturation, and cerebral circulation.O*NET Task ID 22705 | 0.5 |
Obtain and record patient information, including patient identification, medical history, and examination results.O*NET Task ID 22706 | 0.5 |
Order medical tests, such as echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and angiograms.O*NET Task ID 22708 | 0.5 |
Prescribe heart medication to treat or prevent heart problems.O*NET Task ID 22711 | 0.5 |
Recommend surgeons or surgical procedures.O*NET Task ID 22712 | 0.5 |
Talk to other physicians about patients to create a treatment plan.O*NET Task ID 22714 | 0.5 |
Administer emergency cardiac care for life-threatening heart problems, such as cardiac arrest and heart attack.O*NET Task ID 22689 | 0.0 |
Conduct tests of the pulmonary system, using a spirometer or other respiratory testing equipment.O*NET Task ID 22697 | 0.0 |
Diagnose cardiovascular conditions, using cardiac catheterization.O*NET Task ID 22699 | 0.0 |
Inject contrast media into patients' blood vessels.O*NET Task ID 22702 | 0.0 |
Operate diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast-enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular system.O*NET Task ID 22707 | 0.0 |
Perform minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as implanting pacemakers and defibrillators.O*NET Task ID 22709 | 0.0 |
Perform vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stents.O*NET Task ID 22710 | 0.0 |
Supervise or train cardiology technologists or students.O*NET Task ID 22713 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Administer emergency cardiac care for life-threatening heart problems, such as cardiac arrest and heart attack. | — |
| Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, or disease prevention. | — |
| Answer questions that patients have about their health and well-being. | — |
| Calculate valve areas from blood flow velocity measurements. | — |
| Compare measurements of heart wall thickness and chamber sizes to standards to identify abnormalities, using the results of an echocardiogram. | — |
| Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments. | — |
| Conduct exercise electrocardiogram tests to monitor cardiovascular activity under stress. | — |
| Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures that prevent or control disease or injury. | — |
| Conduct tests of the pulmonary system, using a spirometer or other respiratory testing equipment. | — |
| Design and explain treatment plans, based on patient information such as medical history, reports, and examination results. | — |
| Diagnose cardiovascular conditions, using cardiac catheterization. | — |
| Diagnose medical conditions of patients, using records, reports, test results, or examination information. | — |
| Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients. | — |
| Inject contrast media into patients' blood vessels. | — |
| Monitor patients' conditions and progress, and reevaluate treatments, as necessary. | — |
| Observe ultrasound display screen, and listen to signals to record vascular information, such as blood pressure, limb volume changes, oxygen saturation, and cerebral circulation. | — |
| Obtain and record patient information, including patient identification, medical history, and examination results. | — |
| Operate diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast-enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular system. | — |
| Order medical tests, such as echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and angiograms. | — |
| Perform minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as implanting pacemakers and defibrillators. | — |
| Perform vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stents. | — |
| Prescribe heart medication to treat or prevent heart problems. | — |
| Recommend surgeons or surgical procedures. | — |
| Supervise or train cardiology technologists or students. | — |
| Talk to other physicians about patients to create a treatment plan. | — |
0.03/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Administer emergency cardiac care for life-threatening heart problems, such as cardiac arrest and heart attack. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures that prevent or control disease or injury. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Diagnose cardiovascular conditions, using cardiac catheterization. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inject contrast media into patients' blood vessels. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Observe ultrasound display screen, and listen to signals to record vascular information, such as blood pressure, limb volume changes, oxygen saturation, and cerebral circulation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast-enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular system. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Perform minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as implanting pacemakers and defibrillators. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Perform vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stents. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 19K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 19K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.8%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $496,010
- 入职通常所需学历
- Doctoral or professional degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24111 | 내과 전문 의사 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 2211Generalist Medical Practitioners
全科医师
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners
专科医师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- specialised doctorESCO 2212.1本职业范围更窄
Specialised doctors prevent, diagnose and treat diseases depending on their medical or surgical specialty.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| J1140 | Cardiologue | 范围相同 |
| J1142 | Angiologue | 相关，但不对应 |
| J1120 | Médecin phlébologue | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 2112 | Otros médicos especialistas | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 81424 | Fachärzte/-ärztinnen in der Inneren Medizin - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 121 | 医師 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源