Parking Enforcement Workers
Protective Service Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 33-3041.00
Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.20
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 23 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 10 项（43.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Respond to and make radio dispatch calls regarding parking violations and complaints.O*NET Task ID 7939 | 1.0 |
Enter and retrieve information pertaining to vehicle registration, identification, and status, using hand-held computers.O*NET Task ID 7951 | 1.0 |
Prepare and maintain required records, including logs of parking enforcement activities, and records of contested citations.O*NET Task ID 7953 | 1.0 |
Assign and review the work of subordinates.O*NET Task ID 7956 | 1.0 |
Write warnings and citations for illegally parked vehicles.O*NET Task ID 7937 | 0.5 |
Identify vehicles in violation of parking codes, checking with dispatchers when necessary to confirm identities or to determine whether vehicles need to be booted or towed.O*NET Task ID 7941 | 0.5 |
Observe and report hazardous conditions, such as missing traffic signals or signs, and street markings that need to be repainted.O*NET Task ID 7943 | 0.5 |
Investigate and answer complaints regarding contested parking citations, determining their validity and routing them appropriately.O*NET Task ID 7944 | 0.5 |
Provide information to the public regarding parking regulations and facilities, and the location of streets, buildings and points of interest.O*NET Task ID 7946 | 0.5 |
Locate lost, stolen, and counterfeit parking permits, and take necessary enforcement action.O*NET Task ID 7954 | 0.5 |
Patrol an assigned area by vehicle or on foot to ensure public compliance with existing parking ordinance.O*NET Task ID 7935 | 0.0 |
Maintain close communications with dispatching personnel, using two-way radios or cell phones.O*NET Task ID 7936 | 0.0 |
Mark tires of parked vehicles with chalk and record time of marking, and return at regular intervals to ensure that parking time limits are not exceeded.O*NET Task ID 7938 | 0.0 |
Train new or temporary staff.O*NET Task ID 7940 | 0.0 |
Perform simple vehicle maintenance procedures, such as checking oil and gas, and report mechanical problems to supervisors.O*NET Task ID 7942 | 0.0 |
Maintain assigned equipment and supplies, such as hand-held citation computers, citation books, rain gear, tire-marking chalk, and street cones.O*NET Task ID 7945 | 0.0 |
Appear in court at hearings regarding contested traffic citations.O*NET Task ID 7947 | 0.0 |
Make arrangements for illegally parked or abandoned vehicles to be towed, and direct tow-truck drivers to the correct vehicles.O*NET Task ID 7948 | 0.0 |
Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic.O*NET Task ID 7949 | 0.0 |
Provide assistance to motorists needing help with problems, such as flat tires, keys locked in cars, or dead batteries.O*NET Task ID 7950 | 0.0 |
Collect coins deposited in meters.O*NET Task ID 7952 | 0.0 |
Wind parking meter clocks.O*NET Task ID 7955 | 0.0 |
Remove handbills within patrol areas.O*NET Task ID 7957 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Patrol an assigned area by vehicle or on foot to ensure public compliance with existing parking ordinance. | 核心 |
| Maintain close communications with dispatching personnel, using two-way radios or cell phones. | 核心 |
| Write warnings and citations for illegally parked vehicles. | 核心 |
| Mark tires of parked vehicles with chalk and record time of marking, and return at regular intervals to ensure that parking time limits are not exceeded. | 核心 |
| Respond to and make radio dispatch calls regarding parking violations and complaints. | 核心 |
| Identify vehicles in violation of parking codes, checking with dispatchers when necessary to confirm identities or to determine whether vehicles need to be booted or towed. | 核心 |
| Perform simple vehicle maintenance procedures, such as checking oil and gas, and report mechanical problems to supervisors. | 核心 |
| Observe and report hazardous conditions, such as missing traffic signals or signs, and street markings that need to be repainted. | 核心 |
| Maintain assigned equipment and supplies, such as hand-held citation computers, citation books, rain gear, tire-marking chalk, and street cones. | 核心 |
| Provide information to the public regarding parking regulations and facilities, and the location of streets, buildings and points of interest. | 核心 |
| Appear in court at hearings regarding contested traffic citations. | 核心 |
| Make arrangements for illegally parked or abandoned vehicles to be towed, and direct tow-truck drivers to the correct vehicles. | 核心 |
| Enter and retrieve information pertaining to vehicle registration, identification, and status, using hand-held computers. | 核心 |
| Train new or temporary staff. | 补充 |
| Investigate and answer complaints regarding contested parking citations, determining their validity and routing them appropriately. | 补充 |
| Provide assistance to motorists needing help with problems, such as flat tires, keys locked in cars, or dead batteries. | 补充 |
| Prepare and maintain required records, including logs of parking enforcement activities, and records of contested citations. | 补充 |
| Locate lost, stolen, and counterfeit parking permits, and take necessary enforcement action. | 补充 |
| Assign and review the work of subordinates. | 补充 |
| Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic or pedestrians. | 补充 |
1.01/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Patrol an assigned area by vehicle or on foot to ensure public compliance with existing parking ordinance. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Identify vehicles in violation of parking codes, checking with dispatchers when necessary to confirm identities or to determine whether vehicles need to be booted or towed. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Perform simple vehicle maintenance procedures, such as checking oil and gas, and report mechanical problems to supervisors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Observe and report hazardous conditions, such as missing traffic signals or signs, and street markings that need to be repainted. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Maintain assigned equipment and supplies, such as hand-held citation computers, citation books, rain gear, tire-marking chalk, and street cones. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mark tires of parked vehicles with chalk and record time of marking, and return at regular intervals to ensure that parking time limits are not exceeded. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Provide assistance to motorists needing help with problems, such as flat tires, keys locked in cars, or dead batteries. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Collect coins deposited in meters. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Locate lost, stolen, and counterfeit parking permits, and take necessary enforcement action. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Wind parking meter clocks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 9K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 9K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -1.1%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $46,730
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41292 | 주차 단속원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 5419Protective Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的保护性服务人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
This unit group covers protective services workers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 541: Protective Services Workers. For instance, the unit group includes lifeguards, crossing guards and animal control officers.
任务
- (a) patrolling beaches and swimming pools to prevent accidents and to rescue bathers from drowning;
- (b) monitoring traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians can cross streets;
- (c) responding to citizen complaints concerning stray domestic animals, livestock and wildlife, issuing warnings and citations to owners and impounding lost, homeless and dangerous animals;
- (d) patrolling an assigned area to enforce parking regulations;
- (e) directing traffic.
职业示例
Animal control officer · Beach patrolman/woman · Crossing guard · Game warden · Lifeguard · Traffic warden
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- civil enforcement officerESCO 5419.2本职业范围更窄
Civil enforcement officers patrol the streets to enforce parking restrictions, ensure a free flow of traffic is maintained, ensure the safety of pedestrians, and ensure traffic and parking laws are complied with. They aid with the combating of crime and crime reduction by providing assistance during incidents and providing patrol services.
- street wardenESCO 5419.7有重叠，但不相同
Street wardens patrol designated areas to ensure a sense of security with the public, and provide general support. They monitor suspicious behaviour and cooperate with the police and other local institutions to maintain the community's safety and well-being, and enforce law and issue penalties when necessary.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| K1743 | Agent de surveillance de la voie publique (ASVP) / Agente de surveillance de la voie publique (ASVP) | 范围相同暂定 |
| K1746 | Receveur placier / Receveuse placière | 相关，但不对应 |
| K1707 | Policier municipal / Policière municipale | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 5999 | Trabajadores de los servicios de protección y seguridad no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 相关，但不对应 |
| 9490 | Otras ocupaciones elementales | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 53182 | Berufe in Objekt-, Personen-, Brandschutz, Arbeitssicherheit (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 459 | 他に分類されない保安職業従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源