Fast Food and Counter Workers
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 35-3023.00
Perform duties such as taking orders and serving food and beverages. Serve customers at counter or from a steam table. May take payment. May prepare food and beverages.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.24
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（14.3%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 35-3021.00 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food; 35-3022.00 Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Cook food or prepare food items, such as sandwiches, salads, and ice cream dishes, using standard formulas or following directions.35-3022.00 | 0.015554.0 | —0 |
Prepare daily food items, and cook simple foods and beverages, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, pizza, or coffee, using proper safety precautions and sanitary measures.35-3021.00 | 0.011239.0 | —0 |
Cook or reheat food items such as french fries.35-3021.00 | 0.00207.0 | —0 |
Communicate with customers regarding orders, comments, and complaints. | —0 | 0.0016100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 34 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Accept payment from customers, and make change as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Request and record customer orders, and compute bills using cash registers, multi counting machines, or pencil and paper. | —0 | —0 |
Serve customers in eating places that specialize in fast service and inexpensive carry-out food. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare and serve cold drinks, or frozen milk drinks or desserts, using drink-dispensing, milkshake, or frozen custard machines. | —0 | —0 |
Select food items from serving or storage areas and place them in dishes, on serving trays, or in take-out bags. | —0 | —0 |
Notify kitchen personnel of shortages or special orders. | —0 | —0 |
Wash dishes, glassware, and silverware after meals. | —0 | —0 |
Collect and return dirty dishes to the kitchen for washing. | —0 | —0 |
Relay food orders to cooks. | —0 | —0 |
Clean and organize eating, service, and kitchen areas. | —0 | —0 |
Perform personnel activities such as supervising and training employees. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor and order supplies or food items and restock as necessary to maintain inventory. | —0 | —0 |
Distribute food to servers. | —0 | —0 |
Serve food and beverages to guests at banquets or other social functions. | —0 | —0 |
Provide caterers with assistance in food preparation or service. | —0 | —0 |
Pack food, dishes, utensils, tablecloths, and accessories for transportation from catering or food preparation establishments to locations designated by customers. | —0 | —0 |
Arrange tables and decorations according to instructions. | —0 | —0 |
Plan, prepare, and deliver meals to individuals with special dietary needs. | —0 | —0 |
Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Serve food, beverages, or desserts to customers in such settings as take-out counters of restaurants or lunchrooms, business or industrial establishments, hotel rooms, and cars. | —0 | —0 |
Replenish foods at serving stations. | —0 | —0 |
Wrap menu item such as sandwiches, hot entrees, and desserts for serving or for takeout. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare bills for food, using cash registers, calculators, or adding machines, and accept payment or make change. | —0 | —0 |
Brew coffee and tea, and fill containers with requested beverages. | —0 | —0 |
Balance receipts and payments in cash registers. | —0 | —0 |
Perform cleaning duties such as sweeping, mopping, and washing dishes, to keep equipment and facilities sanitary. | —0 | —0 |
Take customers' orders and write ordered items on tickets, giving ticket stubs to customers when needed to identify filled orders. | —0 | —0 |
Deliver orders to kitchens, and pick up and serve food when it is ready. | —0 | —0 |
Serve salads, vegetables, meat, breads, and cocktails, ladle soups and sauces, portion desserts, and fill beverage cups and glasses. | —0 | —0 |
Add relishes and garnishes to food orders, according to instructions. | —0 | —0 |
Carve meat. | —0 | —0 |
Order items needed to replenish supplies. | —0 | —0 |
Set up dining areas for meals and clear them following meals. | —0 | —0 |
Arrange reservations for patrons of dining establishments. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Take customers' orders and write ordered items on tickets, giving ticket stubs to customers when needed to identify filled orders.O*NET Task ID 23119 | 1.0 |
Request and record customer orders, and compute bills, using cash registers, multi-counting machines, or pencil and paper.O*NET Task ID 23104 | 0.5 |
Plan, prepare, and deliver meals to individuals with special dietary needs.O*NET Task ID 23125 | 0.5 |
Arrange reservations for patrons of dining establishments.O*NET Task ID 23126 | 0.5 |
Communicate with customers regarding orders, comments, and complaints.O*NET Task ID 23099 | 0.0 |
Accept payment from customers, and make change as necessary.O*NET Task ID 23100 | 0.0 |
Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment.O*NET Task ID 23101 | 0.0 |
Perform cleaning duties, such as sweeping, mopping, and washing dishes, to keep equipment and facilities sanitary.O*NET Task ID 23102 | 0.0 |
Balance receipts and payments in cash registers.O*NET Task ID 23103 | 0.0 |
Serve food, beverages, or desserts to customers in such settings as take-out counters of restaurants or lunchrooms, business or industrial establishments, hotel rooms, and cars.O*NET Task ID 23105 | 0.0 |
Prepare daily food items, and cook simple foods and beverages, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, pizza, or coffee, using proper safety precautions and sanitary measures.O*NET Task ID 23106 | 0.0 |
Clean and organize eating, service, and kitchen areas.O*NET Task ID 23107 | 0.0 |
Monitor and order supplies or food items, and restock as necessary to maintain inventory.O*NET Task ID 23108 | 0.0 |
Brew coffee and tea, and fill containers with requested beverages.O*NET Task ID 23109 | 0.0 |
Serve customers in eating places that specialize in fast service and inexpensive carry-out food.O*NET Task ID 23110 | 0.0 |
Collect and return dirty dishes to the kitchen for washing.O*NET Task ID 23111 | 0.0 |
Wash dishes, glassware, and silverware after meals.O*NET Task ID 23112 | 0.0 |
Wrap menu items such as sandwiches, hot entrees, and desserts for serving or for takeout.O*NET Task ID 23113 | 0.0 |
Notify kitchen personnel of shortages or special orders.O*NET Task ID 23114 | 0.0 |
Prepare and serve cold drinks, frozen milk drinks, or desserts, using drink-dispensing, milkshake, or frozen-custard machines.O*NET Task ID 23115 | 0.0 |
Select food items from serving or storage areas and place them in dishes, on serving trays, or in take-out bags.O*NET Task ID 23116 | 0.0 |
Replenish foods at serving stations.O*NET Task ID 23117 | 0.0 |
Perform personnel activities, such as supervising and training employees.O*NET Task ID 23118 | 0.0 |
Distribute food to servers.O*NET Task ID 23120 | 0.0 |
Set up dining areas for meals, and clear them following meals.O*NET Task ID 23121 | 0.0 |
Add relishes and garnishes to food orders, according to instructions.O*NET Task ID 23122 | 0.0 |
Deliver orders to kitchens, and pick up and serve food when it is ready.O*NET Task ID 23123 | 0.0 |
Arrange tables and decorations according to instructions.O*NET Task ID 23124 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（27 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Communicate with customers regarding orders, comments, and complaints. | 核心 |
| Accept payment from customers, and make change as necessary. | 核心 |
| Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment. | 核心 |
| Perform cleaning duties, such as sweeping, mopping, and washing dishes, to keep equipment and facilities sanitary. | 核心 |
| Balance receipts and payments in cash registers. | 核心 |
| Request and record customer orders, and compute bills, using cash registers, multi-counting machines, or pencil and paper. | 核心 |
| Serve food, beverages, or desserts to customers in such settings as take-out counters of restaurants or lunchrooms, business or industrial establishments, hotel rooms, and cars. | 核心 |
| Prepare daily food items, and cook simple foods and beverages, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, pizza, or coffee, using proper safety precautions and sanitary measures. | 核心 |
| Clean and organize eating, service, and kitchen areas. | 核心 |
| Monitor and order supplies or food items, and restock as necessary to maintain inventory. | 核心 |
| Brew coffee and tea, and fill containers with requested beverages. | 核心 |
| Serve customers in eating places that specialize in fast service and inexpensive carry-out food. | 核心 |
| Collect and return dirty dishes to the kitchen for washing. | 核心 |
| Wrap menu items such as sandwiches, hot entrees, and desserts for serving or for takeout. | 核心 |
| Prepare and serve cold drinks, frozen milk drinks, or desserts, using drink-dispensing, milkshake, or frozen-custard machines. | 核心 |
| Set up dining areas for meals, and clear them following meals. | 核心 |
| Deliver orders to kitchens, and pick up and serve food when it is ready. | 核心 |
| Wash dishes, glassware, and silverware after meals. | 补充 |
| Notify kitchen personnel of shortages or special orders. | 补充 |
| Select food items from serving or storage areas and place them in dishes, on serving trays, or in take-out bags. | 补充 |
| Replenish foods at serving stations. | 补充 |
| Perform personnel activities, such as supervising and training employees. | 补充 |
| Take customers' orders and write ordered items on tickets, giving ticket stubs to customers when needed to identify filled orders. | 补充 |
| Distribute food to servers. | 补充 |
| Add relishes and garnishes to food orders, according to instructions. | 补充 |
| Arrange tables and decorations according to instructions. | 补充 |
| Plan, prepare, and deliver meals to individuals with special dietary needs. | 补充 |
0.90/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Accept payment from customers, and make change as necessary. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform cleaning duties, such as sweeping, mopping, and washing dishes, to keep equipment and facilities sanitary. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Balance receipts and payments in cash registers. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Serve food, beverages, or desserts to customers in such settings as take-out counters of restaurants or lunchrooms, business or industrial establishments, hotel rooms, and cars. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare daily food items, and cook simple foods and beverages, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, pizza, or coffee, using proper safety precautions and sanitary measures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean and organize eating, service, and kitchen areas. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor and order supplies or food items, and restock as necessary to maintain inventory. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Brew coffee and tea, and fill containers with requested beverages. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Serve customers in eating places that specialize in fast service and inexpensive carry-out food. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Collect and return dirty dishes to the kitchen for washing. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Wash dishes, glassware, and silverware after meals. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Wrap menu items such as sandwiches, hot entrees, and desserts for serving or for takeout. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare and serve cold drinks, frozen milk drinks, or desserts, using drink-dispensing, milkshake, or frozen-custard machines. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Select food items from serving or storage areas and place them in dishes, on serving trays, or in take-out bags. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Replenish foods at serving stations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Distribute food to servers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up dining areas for meals, and clear them following meals. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Add relishes and garnishes to food orders, according to instructions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Deliver orders to kitchens, and pick up and serve food when it is ready. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Arrange tables and decorations according to instructions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Plan, prepare, and deliver meals to individuals with special dietary needs. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 35-3023 组（Fast food and counter workers），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 3.9M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 4.1M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.8%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $31,200
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95210 | 패스트푸드 준비원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 45219 | 그 외 음료 조리원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
| 45312 | 음료 서비스 종사원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 5246Food Service Counter Attendants
餐饮柜台服务员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Food service counter attendants serve customers at food counters and finish preparation of simple food items in restaurants, cafes, hotels, fast food outlets, cafeterias, hospitals and other settings.
任务
- (a) serving food to customers at counters;
- (b) ascertaining the products desired by the customer, assisting them in making choices and taking orders;
- (c) cleaning, peeling, slicing and trimming foodstuffs using manual and electric appliances;
- (d) preparing simple food items and reheating prepared meals;
- (e) portioning and wrapping food or placing it directly on plates for service to patrons;
- (f) packaging takeaway food;
- (g) stocking refrigerators, salad, buffet bars and keeping records of the quantities of food used;
- (h) receiving payment for food items purchased.
职业示例
Cafeteria counter attendant · Salad bar attendant
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- quick service restaurant crew memberESCO 9411.2范围相同
Quick service restaurant crew members prepare, cook and serve food and beverages in a quick service operation.
- street food vendorESCO 5212.1本职业范围更宽
Street food vendors sell food preparations, dishes and products on organised outdoor or indoor market places, or on the streets. They prepare the food in their stalls. Street food vendors use sales techniques to recommend their products to passers-by.
- waiter/waitressESCO 5131.2有重叠，但不相同
Waiters/waitresses supply guests with food and drinks as requested. Waiters/waitresses usually work in restaurants, bars and hotels. This involves the preparation of tables, serving food or beverages and taking payments.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| G1603 | Equipier polyvalent / Equipière polyvalente de restauration rapide | 本职业范围更宽 |
| G1607 | Employé / Employée de restauration collective | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| G1612 | Crêpier / Crêpière | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 9320 | Preparadores de comidas rápidas | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 5120 | Camareros asalariados | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 62301 | Berufe im Verkauf von Lebensmitteln (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 63301 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 63312 | Berufe in der Systemgastronomie - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 403 | 飲食物給仕従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源