Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 35-3041.00
Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.22–0.28· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 5131Waiters0.28
- ISCO-08 5212Street Food Salespersons0.22
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 14 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（21.4%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record amounts and types of special food items served to customers.O*NET Task ID 11161 | 1.0 |
Examine trays to ensure that they contain required items.O*NET Task ID 11151 | 0.5 |
Total checks, present them to customers, and accept payment for services.O*NET Task ID 11162 | 0.5 |
Monitor food distribution, ensuring that meals are delivered to the correct recipients and that guidelines, such as those for special diets, are followed.O*NET Task ID 11149 | 0.0 |
Clean or sterilize dishes, kitchen utensils, equipment, or facilities.O*NET Task ID 11150 | 0.0 |
Place food servings on plates or trays according to orders or instructions.O*NET Task ID 11152 | 0.0 |
Load trays with accessories, such as eating utensils, napkins, or condiments.O*NET Task ID 11153 | 0.0 |
Take food orders and relay orders to kitchens or serving counters so they can be filled.O*NET Task ID 11154 | 0.0 |
Stock service stations with items, such as ice, napkins, or straws.O*NET Task ID 11155 | 0.0 |
Remove trays and stack dishes for return to kitchen after meals are finished.O*NET Task ID 11156 | 0.0 |
Prepare food items, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, or beverages.O*NET Task ID 11157 | 0.0 |
Monitor food preparation or serving techniques to ensure that proper procedures are followed.O*NET Task ID 11158 | 0.0 |
Carry food, silverware, or linen on trays or use carts to carry trays.O*NET Task ID 11159 | 0.0 |
Determine where patients or patrons would like to eat their meals and help them get situated.O*NET Task ID 11160 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（14 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Monitor food distribution, ensuring that meals are delivered to the correct recipients and that guidelines, such as those for special diets, are followed. | 核心 |
| Clean or sterilize dishes, kitchen utensils, equipment, or facilities. | 核心 |
| Examine trays to ensure that they contain required items. | 核心 |
| Place food servings on plates or trays according to orders or instructions. | 核心 |
| Load trays with accessories, such as eating utensils, napkins, or condiments. | 核心 |
| Take food orders and relay orders to kitchens or serving counters so they can be filled. | 核心 |
| Stock service stations with items, such as ice, napkins, or straws. | 核心 |
| Remove trays and stack dishes for return to kitchen after meals are finished. | 核心 |
| Prepare food items, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, or beverages. | 核心 |
| Monitor food preparation or serving techniques to ensure that proper procedures are followed. | 核心 |
| Carry food, silverware, or linen on trays or use carts to carry trays. | 核心 |
| Determine where patients or patrons would like to eat their meals and help them get situated. | 核心 |
| Record amounts and types of special food items served to customers. | 核心 |
| Total checks, present them to customers, and accept payment for services. | 补充 |
0.98/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Monitor food distribution, ensuring that meals are delivered to the correct recipients and that guidelines, such as those for special diets, are followed. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean or sterilize dishes, kitchen utensils, equipment, or facilities. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine trays to ensure that they contain required items. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Place food servings on plates or trays according to orders or instructions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Load trays with accessories, such as eating utensils, napkins, or condiments. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Stock service stations with items, such as ice, napkins, or straws. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove trays and stack dishes for return to kitchen after meals are finished. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare food items, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, or beverages. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Carry food, silverware, or linen on trays or use carts to carry trays. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Determine where patients or patrons would like to eat their meals and help them get situated. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 296K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 310K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +4.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $35,360
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45391 | 병원 배식원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 5131Waiters
餐厅服务员
- ISCO-08 5212Street Food Salespersons
街头食品销售人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- head waiter/head waitressESCO 5131.2.1本职业范围更窄
Head waiters/waitresses manage the food and beverage service in a hospitality outlet or unit. They are responsible for the customer's experience. Head waiters/waitresses coordinate all actions involving customers such as welcoming guests, ordering, delivering the food & beverages and supervise financial transactions.
- waiter/waitressESCO 5131.2本职业范围更窄
Waiters/waitresses supply guests with food and drinks as requested. Waiters/waitresses usually work in restaurants, bars and hotels. This involves the preparation of tables, serving food or beverages and taking payments.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| G1502 | Employé / Employée d'hôtel | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| G1607 | Employé / Employée de restauration collective | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| G1803 | Serveur / Serveuse en restauration | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| J1301 | Agent / Agente de service hospitalier (ASH) | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 5120 | Camareros asalariados | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 63302 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 63301 | Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 63382 | Berufe in der Gastronomie (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 403 | 飲食物給仕従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源