Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop

Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
35-9031.00

Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure quality of facilities and service.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.073

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.21

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 22 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 10 项（45.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Plan parties or other special events and services.

35-9031.00

0.167898.90.068879.8
Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls.

35-9031.00

0.00191.10.00677.8
Receive and record patrons' dining reservations.
—00.00586.7
Maintain contact with kitchen staff, management, serving staff, and customers to ensure that dining details are handled properly and customers' concerns are addressed.
—00.00343.9
Inform patrons of establishment specialties and features.
—00.00151.8
Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Provide guests with menus.
—0—0
Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas.
—0—0
Direct patrons to coatrooms and waiting areas such as lounges.
—0—0
Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs and according to rotation so that servers receive an appropriate number of seatings.
—0—0
Speak with patrons to ensure satisfaction with food and service, to respond to complaints, or to make conversation.
—0—0
Inspect dining and serving areas to ensure cleanliness and proper setup.
—0—0
Inspect restrooms for cleanliness and availability of supplies and clean restrooms when necessary.
—0—0
Operate cash registers to accept payments for food and beverages.
—0—0
Prepare cash receipts after establishments close, and make bank deposits.
—0—0
Supervise and coordinate activities of dining room staff to ensure that patrons receive prompt and courteous service.
—0—0
Prepare staff work schedules.
—0—0
Order or requisition supplies and equipment for tables and serving stations.
—0—0
Hire, train, and supervise food and beverage service staff.
—0—0
Confer with other staff to help plan establishments' menus.
—0—0
Perform marketing and advertising services.
—0—0
Take and prepare to-go orders.
—0—0
Assist with preparing and serving food and beverages.
—0—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Provide guests with menus.核心
Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas.核心
Receive and record patrons' dining reservations.核心
Maintain contact with kitchen staff, management, serving staff, and customers to ensure that dining details are handled properly and customers' concerns are addressed.核心
Inform patrons of establishment specialties and features.核心
Supervise and coordinate activities of dining room staff to ensure that patrons receive prompt and courteous service.核心
Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs and according to rotation so that servers receive an appropriate number of seatings.核心
Speak with patrons to ensure satisfaction with food and service, to respond to complaints, or to make conversation.核心
Answer telephone calls and respond to inquiries or transfer calls.核心
Inspect dining and serving areas to ensure cleanliness and proper setup.核心
Inspect restrooms for cleanliness and availability of supplies, and clean restrooms when necessary.核心
Take and prepare to-go orders.核心
Assist other restaurant workers by serving food and beverages, or by bussing tables.核心
Direct patrons to coatrooms and waiting areas, such as lounges.补充
Operate cash registers to accept payments for food and beverages.补充
Prepare cash receipts after establishments close, and make bank deposits.补充
Order or requisition supplies and equipment for tables and serving stations.补充
Hire, train, and supervise food and beverage service staff.补充
Confer with other staff to help plan establishments' menus.补充
Perform marketing and advertising services.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
444K
预计就业人数，2035
460K
变化 (2025–35)
+3.4%
年薪中位数，2025
$31,200
入职通常所需学历
No formal educational credential
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
36121예약 및 접수 사무원本职业范围更窄已确认
45313주류 서비스 종사원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 5169Personal Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified

    其他未列明的个人服务人员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

This unit group covers personal service workers not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 51: Personal Service Workers. For instance, those who provide services and companionship as dancing partners, social escorts and night-club hostesses or hosts are classified here.

任务

  • In such cases tasks would include -
  • (a) accompanying clients to restaurants and other outings;
  • (b) acting as a dancing partner;
  • (c) welcoming clients to a night-club and ensuring that they are entertained well.

职业示例

Club host · Club hostess · Dancing partner · Social escort

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • club host/club hostessESCO 5169.1本职业范围更宽

    Club host/hostess welcome customers to the club. They ensure that clients are well looked after and satisfied.

  • restaurant host/restaurant hostessESCO 5131.1本职业范围更宽

    Restaurant hosts/hostesses welcome customers to a hospitality service unit and provide initial services.

  • usherESCO 9629.7本职业范围更宽

    Ushers assist visitors by showing their way in a big building such as a theatre, stadium or concert hall. They check visitors' tickets for authorized access, give directions to their seats and answer questions. Ushers may take on security monitoring tasks and alert security personnel when required.

  • doorman/doorwomanESCO 9621.1有重叠，但不相同

    Doormen/doorwomen welcome guests to a hospitality establishment and provide additional services related to assistance with luggage, guests' safety whilst ensuring security.

  • hospitality establishment receptionistESCO 4224.1有重叠，但不相同

    Hospitality establishment receptionists provide first point of contact and assistance to the guests of a hospitality establishment. They are also responsible for taking bookings, processing payments and giving information.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
G1803Serveur / Serveuse en restauration本职业范围更窄暂定
G1802Maître / Maîtresse d'hôtel相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
5899Trabajadores de servicios personales no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes相关，但不对应
5120Camareros asalariados相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
63302Berufe im Gastronomieservice (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
63401Berufe im Veranstaltungsservice und -management - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
403飲食物給仕従事者本职业范围更窄
405接客社交従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源