Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 37-2012.00
Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.12–0.14· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 9111Domestic Cleaners and Helpers0.14
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments0.12
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 25 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 5 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Care for children or elderly persons by overseeing their activities, providing companionship, and assisting them with dressing, bathing, eating, and other needs.37-2012.00 | 0.0049100.0 | 0.0041100.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 27 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | —0 | —0 |
Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | —0 | —0 |
Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | —0 | —0 |
Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | —0 | —0 |
Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | —0 | —0 |
Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | —0 | —0 |
Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | —0 | —0 |
Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | —0 | —0 |
Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | —0 | —0 |
Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | —0 | —0 |
Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors. | —0 | —0 |
Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | —0 | —0 |
Wash dishes and clean kitchens, cooking utensils, and silverware. | —0 | —0 |
Remove debris from driveways, garages, and swimming pool areas. | —0 | —0 |
Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | —0 | —0 |
Run errands, such as taking laundry to the cleaners and buying groceries. | —0 | —0 |
Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | —0 | —0 |
Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | —0 | —0 |
Purchase or order groceries and household supplies to keep kitchens stocked and record expenditures. | —0 | —0 |
Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive. | —0 | —0 |
Replace light bulbs. | —0 | —0 |
Assign duties to other staff and give instructions regarding work methods and routines. | —0 | —0 |
Plan menus and cook and serve meals and refreshments following employer's instructions or own methods. | —0 | —0 |
Answer telephones and doorbells. | —0 | —0 |
Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts.O*NET Task ID 9560 | 0.0 |
Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met.O*NET Task ID 9561 | 0.0 |
Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas.O*NET Task ID 9562 | 0.0 |
Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items.O*NET Task ID 9563 | 0.0 |
Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy.O*NET Task ID 9564 | 0.0 |
Dust and polish furniture and equipment.O*NET Task ID 9565 | 0.0 |
Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines.O*NET Task ID 9566 | 0.0 |
Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers.O*NET Task ID 9567 | 0.0 |
Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary.O*NET Task ID 9568 | 0.0 |
Hang draperies and dust window blinds.O*NET Task ID 9569 | 0.0 |
Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers.O*NET Task ID 9570 | 0.0 |
Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors.O*NET Task ID 9571 | 0.0 |
Wash dishes and clean kitchens, cooking utensils, and silverware.O*NET Task ID 9573 | 0.0 |
Remove debris from driveways, garages, and swimming pool areas.O*NET Task ID 9574 | 0.0 |
Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items.O*NET Task ID 9575 | 0.0 |
Run errands, such as taking laundry to the cleaners and buying groceries.O*NET Task ID 9576 | 0.0 |
Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets.O*NET Task ID 9577 | 0.0 |
Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings.O*NET Task ID 9578 | 0.0 |
Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions.O*NET Task ID 9579 | 0.0 |
Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive.O*NET Task ID 9581 | 0.0 |
Replace light bulbs.O*NET Task ID 9582 | 0.0 |
Assign duties to other staff and give instructions regarding work methods and routines.O*NET Task ID 9583 | 0.0 |
Answer telephones and doorbells.O*NET Task ID 9585 | 0.0 |
Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms.O*NET Task ID 9586 | 0.0 |
Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses.O*NET Task ID 9587 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（20 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | 核心 |
| Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | 核心 |
| Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | 核心 |
| Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | 核心 |
| Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | 核心 |
| Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | 核心 |
| Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | 核心 |
| Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | 核心 |
| Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | 核心 |
| Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | 补充 |
| Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | 补充 |
| Observe precautions required to protect hotel and guest property and report damage, theft, and found articles to supervisors. | 补充 |
| Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | 补充 |
| Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | 补充 |
| Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | 补充 |
| Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | 补充 |
| Request repair services and wait for repair workers to arrive. | 补充 |
| Replace light bulbs. | 补充 |
| Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | 补充 |
| Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | 补充 |
0.83/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Carry linens, towels, toilet items, and cleaning supplies, using wheeled carts. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Clean rooms, hallways, lobbies, lounges, restrooms, corridors, elevators, stairways, locker rooms, and other work areas so that health standards are met. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Empty wastebaskets, empty and clean ashtrays, and transport other trash and waste to disposal areas. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Replenish supplies, such as drinking glasses, linens, writing supplies, and bathroom items. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Keep storage areas and carts well-stocked, clean, and tidy. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dust and polish furniture and equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sweep, scrub, wax, or polish floors, using brooms, mops, or powered scrubbing and waxing machines. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Clean rugs, carpets, upholstered furniture, and draperies, using vacuum cleaners and shampooers. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Wash windows, walls, ceilings, and woodwork, waxing and polishing as necessary. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Hang draperies and dust window blinds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Disinfect equipment and supplies, using germicides or steam-operated sterilizers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sort clothing and other articles, load washing machines, and iron and fold dried items. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Sort, count, and mark clean linens and store them in linen closets. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Polish silver accessories and metalwork, such as fixtures and fittings. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare rooms for meetings and arrange decorations, media equipment, and furniture for social or business functions. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Replace light bulbs. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Deliver television sets, ironing boards, baby cribs, and rollaway beds to guests' rooms. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Move and arrange furniture and turn mattresses. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 1.3M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 1.3M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +0.6%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $35,510
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 94110 | 건물 청소원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 95110 | 가사 도우미 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 99992 | 정리 수납원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 9111Domestic Cleaners and Helpers
家庭清洁工和家务帮工
- ISCO-08 9112Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
办公楼、酒店及其他场所的清洁工和帮工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- domestic cleanerESCO 9111.1范围相同
Domestic cleaners perform all necessary cleaning activities in order to clean their clients' houses. They vacuum and sweep floors, wash dishes, launder clothes, dust, scrub and polish surfaces and disinfect equipment and materials.
- room attendantESCO 9112.4本职业范围更宽
Room attendants clean, tidy and restock guest rooms as well as other public areas as directed.
- domestic housekeeperESCO 5152.2有重叠，但不相同
Domestic housekeepers are responsible for all the household activities in a private house. They oversee and execute duties according to the needs of the employer such as cooking, cleaning and washing activities, taking care of children and gardening. They order supplies and are in charge of expenditures allocated. Domestic housekeepers may supervise and instruct household staff in large households.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| G1501 | Employé / Employée d'étage | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| J1301 | Agent / Agente de service hospitalier (ASH) | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| K1304 | Employé familial / Employée familiale | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| G1502 | Employé / Employée d'hôtel | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 9100 | Empleados domésticos | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 9210 | Personal de limpieza de oficinas, hoteles y otros establecimientos similares | 有重叠，但不相同 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 54101 | Berufe in der Reinigung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 63221 | Berufe im Hotelservice - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 83211 | Berufe in der Hauswirtschaft - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 404 | 身の回り世話従事者 | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 711 | ビル・建物清掃員 | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 712 | ハウスクリーニング職 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源