First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

Sales and Related Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
41-1012.00

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers. May perform duties such as budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    很高· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.230

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.35–0.63· ISCO-08 职业组 9 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 2433Technical and Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)0.50
  • ISCO-08 2434Information and Communications Technology Sales Professionals0.51
  • ISCO-08 3311Securities and Finance Dealers and Brokers0.63
  • ISCO-08 3321Insurance Representatives0.53
  • ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives0.49
  • ISCO-08 3324Trade Brokers0.44
  • ISCO-08 3334Real Estate Agents and Property Managers0.35
  • ISCO-08 3339Business Services Agents Not Elsewhere Classified0.44
  • ISCO-08 4221Travel Consultants and Clerks0.56

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 17 项（94.4%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Listen to and resolve customer complaints regarding services, products, or personnel.

41-1012.00

0.022143.7
Confer with company officials to develop methods and procedures to increase sales, expand markets, and promote business.

41-1012.00

0.012424.4
Monitor sales staff performance to ensure that goals are met.

41-1012.00

0.00316.2
Examine merchandise to ensure correct pricing and display, and that it functions as advertised.

41-1012.00

0.00305.9
Analyze details of sales territories to assess their growth potential and to set quotas.

41-1012.00

0.00305.9
Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties.

41-1012.00

0.00275.4
Direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or performing specific services.

41-1012.00

0.00224.4
Formulate pricing policies on merchandise according to profitability requirements.

41-1012.00

0.00214.1
Not observed on any surface — 10 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Hire, train, and evaluate personnel.
—0
Plan and prepare work schedules, and assign employees to specific duties.
—0
Attend company meetings to exchange product information and coordinate work activities with other departments.
—0
Prepare sales and inventory reports for management and budget departments.
—0
Visit retailers and sales representatives to promote products and gather information.
—0
Keep records pertaining to purchases, sales, and requisitions.
—0
Coordinate sales promotion activities, such as preparing merchandise displays and advertising copy.
—0
Prepare rental or lease agreements, specifying charges and payment procedures for use of machinery, tools, or other items.
—0
Inventory stock and reorder when inventories drop to specified levels.
—0
Examine products purchased for resale or received for storage to determine product condition.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（18 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Listen to and resolve customer complaints regarding services, products, or personnel.核心
Monitor sales staff performance to ensure that goals are met.核心
Hire, train, and evaluate personnel.核心
Confer with company officials to develop methods and procedures to increase sales, expand markets, and promote business.核心
Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties.核心
Plan and prepare work schedules, and assign employees to specific duties.核心
Attend company meetings to exchange product information and coordinate work activities with other departments.核心
Keep records pertaining to purchases, sales, and requisitions.核心
Direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or performing specific services.核心
Prepare sales and inventory reports for management and budget departments.补充
Formulate pricing policies on merchandise according to profitability requirements.补充
Examine merchandise to ensure correct pricing and display, and that it functions as advertised.补充
Analyze details of sales territories to assess their growth potential and to set quotas.补充
Visit retailers and sales representatives to promote products and gather information.补充
Coordinate sales promotion activities, such as preparing merchandise displays and advertising copy.补充
Prepare rental or lease agreements, specifying charges and payment procedures for use of machinery, tools, or other items.补充
Inventory stock and reorder when inventories drop to specified levels.补充
Examine products purchased for resale or received for storage to determine product condition.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
312K
预计就业人数，2035
314K
变化 (2025–35)
+0.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$87,520
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
15111영업 관련 관리자有重叠，但不相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 2433Technical and Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)

    技术和医药销售专业人员（信息通信技术除外）

  • ISCO-08 2434Information and Communications Technology Sales Professionals

    信息和通信技术销售专业人员

  • ISCO-08 3311Securities and Finance Dealers and Brokers

    证券和金融交易员及经纪人

  • ISCO-08 3321Insurance Representatives

    保险代理人

  • ISCO-08 3322Commercial Sales Representatives

    商业销售代表

  • ISCO-08 3324Trade Brokers

    贸易经纪人

  • ISCO-08 3334Real Estate Agents and Property Managers

    房地产经纪人和物业管理人员

  • ISCO-08 3339Business Services Agents Not Elsewhere Classified

    其他未列明的商务服务代理人

  • ISCO-08 4221Travel Consultants and Clerks

    旅行顾问和文员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • shop supervisorESCO 5222.1本职业范围更窄

    Shop supervisors are responsible for the smooth operation of stores according to regulations and company policy. They oversee business activities such budgets, inventory and customer service. Shop supervisors also monitor employees' performance and ensure that goals are being met.

  • bookshop managerESCO 1420.4.8本职业范围更宽

    Bookshop managers assume responsibility for activities and staff in this specialised store.

  • press and stationery shop managerESCO 1420.4.36本职业范围更宽

    Press and stationery shop managers assume responsibility for the activities and staff in specialised shops.

  • second-hand shop managerESCO 1420.4.37本职业范围更宽

    Second-hand shop managers assume responsibility for activities and staff in specialised shops.

  • shoe and leather accessories shop managerESCO 1420.4.38本职业范围更宽

    Shoe and leather accessories shop managers assume responsibility for activities and staff in specialised shops.

  • sporting and outdoor accessories shop managerESCO 1420.4.39本职业范围更宽

    Sporting accessories shop managers assume responsibility for the activities and staff in specialised shops. They manage employees, monitor the sales of the store, manage budgets and order supplies when a product is out of supply and perform administrative duties if required.

  • supermarket managerESCO 1420.5本职业范围更宽

    Supermarket managers are responsible for activities and staff in a supermarket.

  • shop managerESCO 1420.4有重叠，但不相同

    Shop managers are responsible for activities and staff in specialised shops.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
G1304Responsable d'agence de voyages本职业范围更宽暂定
D1417Chef / Cheffe des ventes有重叠，但不相同
D1435Responsable de plateau de centre d'appels有重叠，但不相同

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
3510Agentes y representantes comerciales相关，但不对应
5210Jefes de sección de tiendas y almacenes相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
61194Führungskräfte - Einkauf und Vertrieb相关，但不对应
61203Kaufleute im Handel (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应
92193Aufsichtskräfte - Werbung und Marketing相关，但不对应
92123Berufe im Dialogmarketing - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
322卸売店主・店長本职业范围更宽暂定
349その他の営業職業従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源