Billing and Posting Clerks
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 43-3021.00
Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.192
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.64
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 26 项（86.7%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks.O*NET Task ID 23237 | 1.0 |
Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors.O*NET Task ID 23238 | 1.0 |
Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered.O*NET Task ID 23240 | 1.0 |
Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods.O*NET Task ID 23241 | 1.0 |
Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.O*NET Task ID 23242 | 1.0 |
Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.O*NET Task ID 23243 | 1.0 |
Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due.O*NET Task ID 23245 | 1.0 |
Keep records of invoices and support documents.O*NET Task ID 23246 | 1.0 |
Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers.O*NET Task ID 23247 | 1.0 |
Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies.O*NET Task ID 23251 | 1.0 |
Match statements with batches of canceled checks by account numbers.O*NET Task ID 23252 | 1.0 |
Take orders for imprinted checks.O*NET Task ID 23253 | 1.0 |
Encode and cancel checks, using bank machines.O*NET Task ID 23254 | 1.0 |
Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.O*NET Task ID 23255 | 1.0 |
Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.O*NET Task ID 23256 | 1.0 |
Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.O*NET Task ID 23257 | 1.0 |
Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.O*NET Task ID 23258 | 1.0 |
Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures.O*NET Task ID 23262 | 1.0 |
Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment.O*NET Task ID 23263 | 1.0 |
Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms.O*NET Task ID 23264 | 1.0 |
Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary.O*NET Task ID 23266 | 1.0 |
Verify signatures and required information on checks.O*NET Task ID 23239 | 0.5 |
Contact customers to obtain or relay account information.O*NET Task ID 23244 | 0.5 |
Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates.O*NET Task ID 23260 | 0.5 |
Estimate market value of products or services.O*NET Task ID 23261 | 0.5 |
Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment.O*NET Task ID 23265 | 0.5 |
Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation.O*NET Task ID 23248 | 0.0 |
Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems.O*NET Task ID 23249 | 0.0 |
Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment.O*NET Task ID 23250 | 0.0 |
Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand.O*NET Task ID 23259 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Verify accuracy of billing data and revise any errors. | 核心 |
| Prepare itemized statements, bills, or invoices and record amounts due for items purchased or services rendered. | 核心 |
| Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines. | 核心 |
| Contact customers to obtain or relay account information. | 核心 |
| Keep records of invoices and support documents. | 核心 |
| Create billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms. | 核心 |
| Perform general administrative tasks, such as answering telephones, scheduling appointments, and ordering supplies or equipment. | 核心 |
| Post stop-payment notices to prevent payment of protested checks. | 补充 |
| Verify signatures and required information on checks. | 补充 |
| Perform bookkeeping work, including posting data or keeping other records concerning costs of goods or services or the shipment of goods. | 补充 |
| Resolve discrepancies in accounting records. | 补充 |
| Review documents, such as purchase orders, sales tickets, charge slips, or hospital records, to compute fees or charges due. | 补充 |
| Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers. | 补充 |
| Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation. | 补充 |
| Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems. | 补充 |
| Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment. | 补充 |
| Compare previously prepared bank statements with canceled checks and reconcile discrepancies. | 补充 |
| Consult sources, such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives, to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information. | 补充 |
| Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services. | 补充 |
| Update manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended. | 补充 |
| Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents. | 补充 |
| Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand. | 补充 |
| Review compiled data on operating costs and revenues to set rates. | 补充 |
| Answer inquiries regarding rates, routing, or procedures. | 补充 |
| Compile reports of cost factors, such as labor, production, storage, and equipment. | 补充 |
| Return checks to customers or retrieve checks returned to customers in error, adjusting accounts and answering inquiries about errors as necessary. | 补充 |
0.09/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Route statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to customers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor equipment to ensure proper operation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fix minor problems, such as equipment jams, and notify repair personnel of major equipment problems. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Weigh envelopes containing statements to determine correct postage and affix postage, using stamps or metering equipment. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Encode and cancel checks, using bank machines. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Load machines with statements, cancelled checks, or envelopes to prepare statements for distribution to customers or stuff envelopes by hand. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 418K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 418K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -0.1%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $48,500
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33120 | 경리 사무원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 4311Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks
会计和簿记文员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks compute, classify and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They perform any combination of routine calculating, posting and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records.
任务
- (a) checking figures, postings and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy and proper codes;
- (b) operating computers programmed with accounting software to record, store and analyse information;
- (c) classifying, recording and summarizing numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers;
- (d) calculating, preparing and issuing bills, invoices, account statements and other financial statements according to established procedures.
- (e) compiling statistical, financial, accounting or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses.
职业示例
Accounts clerk · Bookkeeping clerk · Cost computing clerk
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- billing clerkESCO 4311.1范围相同
Billing clerks create invoices and credit memos, issuing them to customers by all necessary means, and updating customer files. They issue invoices to customers and monthly customer statements, update customer files, process credit memos, enter and submit invoices, etc.
- accounting assistantESCO 3313.1有重叠，但不相同
Accounting assistants record and report ticketing accounting situations to the accountant they work with, verify deposits and prepare daily reports and income. They arrange authorised refund vouchers, maintain the returned check accounts and communicate with ticketing managers concerning any ticketing systems issues.
- bookkeeperESCO 3313.2有重叠，但不相同
Bookkeepers record and assemble the day-to-day financial transactions of an organisation or company, consisting usually of sales, purchases, payments and receipts. They ensure all financial transactions are documented in the appropriate (day) book and general ledger, and that they are balanced out. Bookkeepers prepare the recorded books and ledgers with financial transactions for an accountant to then analyse balance sheets and income statements.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| M1611 | Secrétaire Facturier / Facturière | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| M1213 | Assistant / Assistante comptable | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| M1225 | Aide-comptable | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 4111 | Empleados de contabilidad | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 72212 | Berufe in der Buchhaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 61122 | Berufe im Vertrieb (außer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 263 | 経理事務員 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 281 | 営業・販売事務員 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源