Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
Office and Administrative Support Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 43-6014.00
Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
很高· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.453
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.58
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 29 项（90.6%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Conduct searches to find needed information, using such sources as the Internet.43-6014.00 | 0.141125.1 |
Create, maintain, and enter information into databases.43-6014.00 | 0.136224.2 |
Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.43-6014.00 | 0.108419.3 |
Develop or maintain internal or external company Web sites.43-6014.00 | 0.088015.6 |
Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs.43-6014.00 | 0.02704.8 |
Compose, type, and distribute meeting notes, routine correspondence, or reports, such as presentations or expense, statistical, or monthly reports.43-6014.00 | 0.01733.1 |
Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals.43-6014.00 | 0.01292.3 |
Provide services to customers, such as order placement or account information.43-6014.00 | 0.00841.5 |
Review work done by others to check for correct spelling and grammar, ensure that company format policies are followed, and recommend revisions.43-6014.00 | 0.00691.2 |
Prepare conference or event materials, such as flyers or invitations.43-6014.00 | 0.00591.0 |
Collect and deposit money into accounts, disburse funds from cash accounts to pay bills or invoices, keep records of collections and disbursements, and ensure accounts are balanced.43-6014.00 | 0.00400.7 |
Schedule and confirm appointments for clients, customers, or supervisors.43-6014.00 | 0.00260.5 |
Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies.43-6014.00 | 0.00240.4 |
Arrange conference, meeting, or travel reservations for office personnel.43-6014.00 | 0.00160.3 |
| Not observed on any surface — 18 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Locate and attach appropriate files to incoming correspondence requiring replies. | —0 |
Open, read, route, and distribute incoming mail or other materials and answer routine letters. | —0 |
Complete forms in accordance with company procedures. | —0 |
Make copies of correspondence or other printed material. | —0 |
Learn to operate new office technologies as they are developed and implemented. | —0 |
Maintain scheduling and event calendars. | —0 |
Manage projects or contribute to committee or team work. | —0 |
Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information. | —0 |
Order and dispense supplies. | —0 |
Operate electronic mail systems and coordinate the flow of information, internally or with other organizations. | —0 |
Set up and manage paper or electronic filing systems, recording information, updating paperwork, or maintaining documents, such as attendance records, correspondence, or other material. | —0 |
Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions. | —0 |
Prepare and mail checks. | —0 |
Establish work procedures or schedules and keep track of the daily work of clerical staff. | —0 |
Take dictation in shorthand or by machine and transcribe information. | —0 |
Supervise other clerical staff and provide training and orientation to new staff. | —0 |
Perform payroll functions, such as maintaining timekeeping information and processing and submitting payroll. | —0 |
Train and assist staff with computer usage. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Open, read, route, and distribute incoming mail or other materials and answer routine letters.O*NET Task ID 2794 | 1.0 |
Complete forms in accordance with company procedures.O*NET Task ID 2795 | 1.0 |
Review work done by others to check for correct spelling and grammar, ensure that company format policies are followed, and recommend revisions.O*NET Task ID 2797 | 1.0 |
Conduct searches to find needed information, using such sources as the Internet.O*NET Task ID 2805 | 1.0 |
Take dictation in shorthand or by machine and transcribe information.O*NET Task ID 2811 | 1.0 |
Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.O*NET Task ID 20280 | 1.0 |
Create, maintain, and enter information into databases.O*NET Task ID 20281 | 1.0 |
Set up and manage paper or electronic filing systems, recording information, updating paperwork, or maintaining documents, such as attendance records, correspondence, or other material.O*NET Task ID 20282 | 1.0 |
Compose, type, and distribute meeting notes, routine correspondence, or reports, such as presentations or expense, statistical, or monthly reports.O*NET Task ID 20284 | 1.0 |
Develop or maintain internal or external company Web sites.O*NET Task ID 20288 | 1.0 |
Train and assist staff with computer usage.O*NET Task ID 20289 | 1.0 |
Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals.O*NET Task ID 2790 | 0.5 |
Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs.O*NET Task ID 2791 | 0.5 |
Locate and attach appropriate files to incoming correspondence requiring replies.O*NET Task ID 2793 | 0.5 |
Make copies of correspondence or other printed material.O*NET Task ID 2796 | 0.5 |
Learn to operate new office technologies as they are developed and implemented.O*NET Task ID 2799 | 0.5 |
Maintain scheduling and event calendars.O*NET Task ID 2800 | 0.5 |
Schedule and confirm appointments for clients, customers, or supervisors.O*NET Task ID 2801 | 0.5 |
Manage projects or contribute to committee or team work.O*NET Task ID 2802 | 0.5 |
Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information.O*NET Task ID 2803 | 0.5 |
Provide services to customers, such as order placement or account information.O*NET Task ID 2806 | 0.5 |
Prepare and mail checks.O*NET Task ID 2808 | 0.5 |
Establish work procedures or schedules and keep track of the daily work of clerical staff.O*NET Task ID 2809 | 0.5 |
Arrange conference, meeting, or travel reservations for office personnel.O*NET Task ID 2812 | 0.5 |
Operate electronic mail systems and coordinate the flow of information, internally or with other organizations.O*NET Task ID 2813 | 0.5 |
Perform payroll functions, such as maintaining timekeeping information and processing and submitting payroll.O*NET Task ID 20285 | 0.5 |
Collect and deposit money into accounts, disburse funds from cash accounts to pay bills or invoices, keep records of collections and disbursements, and ensure accounts are balanced.O*NET Task ID 20286 | 0.5 |
Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies.O*NET Task ID 20287 | 0.5 |
Prepare conference or event materials, such as flyers or invitations.O*NET Task ID 20290 | 0.5 |
Order and dispense supplies.O*NET Task ID 2804 | 0.0 |
Supervise other clerical staff and provide training and orientation to new staff.O*NET Task ID 2814 | 0.0 |
Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 20283 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（31 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals. | 核心 |
| Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs. | 核心 |
| Locate and attach appropriate files to incoming correspondence requiring replies. | 核心 |
| Open, read, route, and distribute incoming mail or other materials and answer routine letters. | 核心 |
| Complete forms in accordance with company procedures. | 核心 |
| Make copies of correspondence or other printed material. | 核心 |
| Review work done by others to check for correct spelling and grammar, ensure that company format policies are followed, and recommend revisions. | 核心 |
| Learn to operate new office technologies as they are developed and implemented. | 核心 |
| Maintain scheduling and event calendars. | 核心 |
| Schedule and confirm appointments for clients, customers, or supervisors. | 核心 |
| Order and dispense supplies. | 核心 |
| Conduct searches to find needed information, using such sources as the Internet. | 核心 |
| Operate electronic mail systems and coordinate the flow of information, internally or with other organizations. | 核心 |
| Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing. | 核心 |
| Create, maintain, and enter information into databases. | 核心 |
| Set up and manage paper or electronic filing systems, recording information, updating paperwork, or maintaining documents, such as attendance records, correspondence, or other material. | 核心 |
| Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions. | 核心 |
| Compose, type, and distribute meeting notes, routine correspondence, or reports, such as presentations or expense, statistical, or monthly reports. | 核心 |
| Train and assist staff with computer usage. | 核心 |
| Prepare conference or event materials, such as flyers or invitations. | 核心 |
| Manage projects or contribute to committee or team work. | 补充 |
| Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information. | 补充 |
| Provide services to customers, such as order placement or account information. | 补充 |
| Prepare and mail checks. | 补充 |
| Establish work procedures or schedules and keep track of the daily work of clerical staff. | 补充 |
| Arrange conference, meeting, or travel reservations for office personnel. | 补充 |
| Supervise other clerical staff and provide training and orientation to new staff. | 补充 |
| Perform payroll functions, such as maintaining timekeeping information and processing and submitting payroll. | 补充 |
| Collect and deposit money into accounts, disburse funds from cash accounts to pay bills or invoices, keep records of collections and disbursements, and ensure accounts are balanced. | 补充 |
| Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies. | 补充 |
| Develop or maintain internal or external company Web sites. | 补充 |
0.22/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Open, read, route, and distribute incoming mail or other materials and answer routine letters. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Make copies of correspondence or other printed material. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Order and dispense supplies. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up and manage paper or electronic filing systems, recording information, updating paperwork, or maintaining documents, such as attendance records, correspondence, or other material. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare and mail checks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Collect and deposit money into accounts, disburse funds from cash accounts to pay bills or invoices, keep records of collections and disbursements, and ensure accounts are balanced. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 1.9M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 1.8M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -6%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $47,540
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37212 | 일반 비서 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 37102 | 대학 행정조교 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 4120Secretaries (general)
秘书（一般）
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal computers or other word-processing equipment to transcribe correspondence and other documents, check and format documents prepared by other staff, deal with incoming and outgoing mail, screen requests for meetings or appointments, and perform a variety of administrative support tasks.
任务
- (a) checking, formatting and transcribing correspondence, minutes and reports from dictation, electronic documents or written drafts to conform to office standards, using typewriter, personal computer or other word processing equipment;
- (b) using various computer software packages including spreadsheets to provide administrative support;
- (c) dealing with incoming or outgoing mail;
- (d) scanning, recording and distributing mail, correspondence and documents;
- (e) screening requests for meetings or appointments and helping to organize meetings;
- (f) screening and recording staff-members' leave and other entitlements;
- (g) organizing and supervising filing systems;
- (h) dealing with routine correspondence on their own initiative.
职业示例
Secretary · Typing secretary · Word processing secretary
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- administrative assistantESCO 3343.1本职业范围更宽
Administrative assistants perform administrative and office support for supervisors. They perform a variety of tasks, such as answering telephone calls, receiving and directing visitors, ordering office supplies, maintaining the office facilities running smoothly, and ensuring that equipment and appliances work properly.
- secretaryESCO 4120.1本职业范围更宽
Secretaries perform a variety of administrative tasks to help keep an organisation run smoothly. They answer telephone calls, draft and send e-mails, maintain diaries, arrange appointments, take messages, file documents, organise and service meetings, and manage databases.
- executive assistantESCO 3343.3有重叠，但不相同
Executive assistants are advanced administrative professionals who work with top-level executives or in international facilities in various industries. They organise meetings, organise and maintain files, arrange travel, train staff members, communicate in other languages, and manage the day-to-day operations of the office.
- foreign language correspondence clerkESCO 4419.2有重叠，但不相同
Foreign language correspondence clerks read and reply to a company's correspondence in foreign languages. They also perform clerical duties.
- legal administrative assistantESCO 3342.2有重叠，但不相同
Legal administrative assistants carry out the daily administrative activities of firms, offices of notaries public, and companies. They perform activities such as writing mails, phone-answering and typing/keyboarding. They combine these activities with specific knowledge and understanding of the procedures and codes managed in legal business affairs.
- medical administrative assistantESCO 3344.2有重叠，但不相同
Medical administrative assistants work very closely with health professionals. They provide office support such as correspondence, fixing appointments and answering queries of patients.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| M1607 | Assistant administratif / Assistante administrative | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| C1508 | Assistant / Assistante de gestion syndic immobilier | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1602 | Secrétaire administratif / Secrétaire administrative de collectivité territoriale | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1605 | Secrétaire technique | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1613 | Télésecrétaire | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1621 | Assistant administratif / Assistante administrative multilingue | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| M1608 | Secrétaire comptable | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3613 | Asistentes de dirección y administrativos | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 4309 | Empleados administrativos sin tareas de atención al público no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 71402 | Büro- und Sekretariatskräfte (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 71413 | Fremdsprachensekretäre/-sekretärinnen und Fremdsprachenkorrespondenten/-korrespondentinnen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 257 | 総合事務員 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 255 | 秘書 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
与本职业相关的近期变化
摘要和关联标注由 AI Changing Work 撰写和判断；数字请以所链接的来源为准。
直接相关 ILO occupational segregation report identifies secretaries among high-risk clerical roles with routine codifiable tasks; 16% automation risk in female-dominated occupations vs 3% male-dominated
[来源: ILO: Gen AI, Occupational Segregation and Gender Equality (Mar 2026)]相关 ILO finds 88% of countries show women facing higher AI workplace risk; administrative roles among most exposed with 29% GenAI exposure in female-dominated occupations
[来源: ILO: Gen AI, Occupational Segregation and Gender Equality (Mar 2026)]相关 ILO research brief (Mar 2026): female-dominated occupations, such as business administration and clerical support, are almost twice as likely to be exposed to generative AI as male-dominated ones (29% vs 16%), and face much higher automation risk (16% vs 3%).
[来源: ILO Research Brief, March 2026]
显示另外 2 项
直接相关 Brookings study identifies administrative assistants as one of the largest groups (1.7M workers) facing high AI exposure with low adaptive capacity. 86% of vulnerable workers across all affected occupations are women.
[来源: Brookings Institution — Measuring US workers capacity to adapt (2026-01)]相关 Brookings (Oct 2024) singles out office and administrative support for its high generative AI exposure, high automation potential and large workforce: nearly 19 million US workers, the overwhelming majority of them women. It is one of five sectors the analysis rates high on both exposure and automation potential.
[来源: Brookings 2024 — Generative AI, the American worker]
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源