Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service

Office and Administrative Support Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 43-9051.00

Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.41
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 29 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 10 项（34.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 20.1)	APIRaw / share %
Answer inquiries regarding shipping or mailing policies. 43-9051.00	0.0019100.0
Not observed on any surface — 28 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Seal or open envelopes, by hand or by using machines.	—0
Affix postage to packages or letters by hand, or stamp materials, using postage meters.	—0
Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing.	—0
Place incoming or outgoing letters or packages into sacks or bins based on destination or type, and place identifying tags on sacks or bins.	—0
Clear jams in sortation equipment.	—0
Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary.	—0
Weigh packages or letters to determine postage needed, using weighing scales and rate charts.	—0
Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities.	—0
Lift and unload containers of mail or parcels onto equipment for transportation to sortation stations.	—0
Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines.	—0
Fold letters or circulars and insert them in envelopes.	—0
Remove from machines printed materials such as labeled articles, postmarked envelopes or tape, and folded sheets.	—0
Add ink, fill paste reservoirs, and change machine ribbons when necessary.	—0
Start machines that automatically feed plates, stencils, or tapes through mechanisms, and observe machine operations to detect any malfunctions.	—0
Read production orders to determine types and sizes of items scheduled for printing and mailing.	—0
Mail merchandise samples or promotional literature in response to requests.	—0
Inspect mail machine output for defects and determine how to eliminate causes of any defects.	—0
Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures.	—0
Contact delivery or courier services to arrange delivery of letters and parcels.	—0
Insert material for printing or addressing into loading racks on machines, select type or die sizes, and position plates, stencils, or tapes in machine magazines.	—0
Stamp dates and times of receipt of incoming mail.	—0
Operate computer-controlled keyboards or voice recognition equipment to direct items according to established routing schemes.	—0
Adjust guides, rollers, loose card inserters, weighing machines, and tying arms, using rules and hand tools.	—0
Accept and check containers of mail or parcels from large volume mailers, couriers, and contractors.	—0
Release packages or letters to customers upon presentation of written notices or other identification.	—0
Use equipment such as forklifts and automated "trains" to move containers of mail.	—0
Sell mail products, and accept payment for products and mailing charges.	—0
Operate embossing machines or typewriters to make corrections, additions, and changes to address plates.	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Read production orders to determine types and sizes of items scheduled for printing and mailing. O*NET Task ID 13273	1.0
Stamp dates and times of receipt of incoming mail. O*NET Task ID 13279	1.0
Operate computer-controlled keyboards or voice recognition equipment to direct items according to established routing schemes. O*NET Task ID 13280	1.0
Answer inquiries regarding shipping or mailing policies. O*NET Task ID 13284	1.0
Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing. O*NET Task ID 13261	0.5
Weigh packages or letters to determine postage needed, using weighing scales and rate charts. O*NET Task ID 13265	0.5
Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities. O*NET Task ID 13266	0.5
Mail merchandise samples or promotional literature in response to requests. O*NET Task ID 13274	0.5
Contact delivery or courier services to arrange delivery of letters and parcels. O*NET Task ID 13277	0.5
Sell mail products, and accept payment for products and mailing charges. O*NET Task ID 13286	0.5
Seal or open envelopes, by hand or by using machines. O*NET Task ID 13259	0.0
Affix postage to packages or letters by hand, or stamp materials, using postage meters. O*NET Task ID 13260	0.0
Place incoming or outgoing letters or packages into sacks or bins based on destination or type, and place identifying tags on sacks or bins. O*NET Task ID 13262	0.0
Clear jams in sortation equipment. O*NET Task ID 13263	0.0
Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary. O*NET Task ID 13264	0.0
Lift and unload containers of mail or parcels onto equipment for transportation to sortation stations. O*NET Task ID 13267	0.0
Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines. O*NET Task ID 13268	0.0
Fold letters or circulars and insert them in envelopes. O*NET Task ID 13269	0.0
Remove from machines printed materials, such as labeled articles, postmarked envelopes or tape, and folded sheets. O*NET Task ID 13270	0.0
Add ink, fill paste reservoirs, and change machine ribbons when necessary. O*NET Task ID 13271	0.0
Start machines that automatically feed plates, stencils, or tapes through mechanisms, and observe machine operations to detect any malfunctions. O*NET Task ID 13272	0.0
Inspect mail machine output for defects and determine how to eliminate causes of any defects. O*NET Task ID 13275	0.0
Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures. O*NET Task ID 13276	0.0
Insert material for printing or addressing into loading racks on machines, select type or die sizes, and position plates, stencils, or tapes in machine magazines. O*NET Task ID 13278	0.0
Adjust guides, rollers, loose card inserters, weighing machines, and tying arms, using rules and hand tools. O*NET Task ID 13281	0.0
Accept and check containers of mail or parcels from large volume mailers, couriers, and contractors. O*NET Task ID 13282	0.0
Release packages or letters to customers upon presentation of written notices or other identification. O*NET Task ID 13283	0.0
Use equipment, such as forklifts and automated "trains," to move containers of mail. O*NET Task ID 13285	0.0
Operate embossing machines or typewriters to make corrections, additions, and changes to address plates. O*NET Task ID 13287	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Seal or open envelopes, by hand or by using machines.	核心
Affix postage to packages or letters by hand, or stamp materials, using postage meters.	核心
Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing.	核心
Place incoming or outgoing letters or packages into sacks or bins based on destination or type, and place identifying tags on sacks or bins.	核心
Clear jams in sortation equipment.	核心
Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary.	核心
Weigh packages or letters to determine postage needed, using weighing scales and rate charts.	核心
Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities.	核心
Lift and unload containers of mail or parcels onto equipment for transportation to sortation stations.	核心
Fold letters or circulars and insert them in envelopes.	核心
Add ink, fill paste reservoirs, and change machine ribbons when necessary.	核心
Inspect mail machine output for defects and determine how to eliminate causes of any defects.	核心
Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures.	核心
Contact delivery or courier services to arrange delivery of letters and parcels.	核心
Accept and check containers of mail or parcels from large volume mailers, couriers, and contractors.	核心
Release packages or letters to customers upon presentation of written notices or other identification.	核心
Answer inquiries regarding shipping or mailing policies.	核心
Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines.	补充
Remove from machines printed materials, such as labeled articles, postmarked envelopes or tape, and folded sheets.	补充
Start machines that automatically feed plates, stencils, or tapes through mechanisms, and observe machine operations to detect any malfunctions.	补充
Read production orders to determine types and sizes of items scheduled for printing and mailing.	补充
Mail merchandise samples or promotional literature in response to requests.	补充
Insert material for printing or addressing into loading racks on machines, select type or die sizes, and position plates, stencils, or tapes in machine magazines.	补充
Stamp dates and times of receipt of incoming mail.	补充
Operate computer-controlled keyboards or voice recognition equipment to direct items according to established routing schemes.	补充
Adjust guides, rollers, loose card inserters, weighing machines, and tying arms, using rules and hand tools.	补充
Use equipment, such as forklifts and automated "trains," to move containers of mail.	补充
Sell mail products, and accept payment for products and mailing charges.	补充
Operate embossing machines or typewriters to make corrections, additions, and changes to address plates.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

1.01/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Seal or open envelopes, by hand or by using machines.	E1 机器人专用设施
Affix postage to packages or letters by hand, or stamp materials, using postage meters.	E1 机器人专用设施
Verify that items are addressed correctly, marked with the proper postage, and in suitable condition for processing.	E1 机器人专用设施
Sort and route incoming mail, and collect outgoing mail, using carts as necessary.	E1 机器人专用设施
Determine manner in which mail is to be sent, and prepare it for delivery to mailing facilities.	E1 机器人专用设施
Wrap packages or bundles by hand, or by using tying machines.	E1 机器人专用设施
Remove containers of sorted mail or parcels and transfer them to designated areas according to established procedures.	E2 受管理的设施
Accept and check containers of mail or parcels from large volume mailers, couriers, and contractors.	E1 机器人专用设施
Place incoming or outgoing letters or packages into sacks or bins based on destination or type, and place identifying tags on sacks or bins.	E1 机器人专用设施
Clear jams in sortation equipment.	E0 机器人不可
Weigh packages or letters to determine postage needed, using weighing scales and rate charts.	E1 机器人专用设施
Lift and unload containers of mail or parcels onto equipment for transportation to sortation stations.	E2 受管理的设施
Fold letters or circulars and insert them in envelopes.	E1 机器人专用设施
Remove from machines printed materials, such as labeled articles, postmarked envelopes or tape, and folded sheets.	E2 受管理的设施
Add ink, fill paste reservoirs, and change machine ribbons when necessary.	E1 机器人专用设施
Start machines that automatically feed plates, stencils, or tapes through mechanisms, and observe machine operations to detect any malfunctions.	E1 机器人专用设施
Mail merchandise samples or promotional literature in response to requests.	E1 机器人专用设施
Inspect mail machine output for defects and determine how to eliminate causes of any defects.	E1 机器人专用设施
Stamp dates and times of receipt of incoming mail.	E1 机器人专用设施
Adjust guides, rollers, loose card inserters, weighing machines, and tying arms, using rules and hand tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Release packages or letters to customers upon presentation of written notices or other identification.	E1 机器人专用设施
Sell mail products, and accept payment for products and mailing charges.	E2 受管理的设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 58K
预计就业人数，2035: 54K
变化 (2025–35): -7.2%
年薪中位数，2025: $39,280
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
37299	그 외 사무 지원 종사원	本职业范围更窄	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 4412Mail Carriers and Sorting Clerks
邮件投递员和分拣文员

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Mail carriers and sorting clerks perform sorting, recording, delivery and other duties in connection with mail services from post offices or related organizations, as well as from or within an establishment.

任务

(a) performing mail-handling duties in public post offices or privately owned delivery establishments;
(b) sorting and delivering mail to private houses and businesses;
(c) providing delivery confirmation records when requested by the client;
(d) sorting and keeping simple records of incoming and outgoing correspondence and dispatching outgoing mail in various establishments;

职业示例

Mail clerk · Post carrier · Postman/woman

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

mail clerkESCO 4412.1范围相同
Mail clerks perform mail handling, sorting, recording and other duties in connection with mail services from post offices or related organisations. They keep records of the incoming and outgoing packages and letters in the establishment.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
M1618	Agent / Agente de liaison courrier	范围相同
E1304	Agent / Agente de façonnage et routage	相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
4221	Empleados de servicios de correos (excepto empleados de mostrador)	本职业范围更窄暂定
4309	Empleados administrativos sin tareas de atención al público no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
51321	Berufe für Post- und Zustelldienste - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten	本职业范围更窄
73201	Berufe in der öffentlichen Verwaltung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
73231	Berufe in der Steuerverwaltung - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
251	庶務事務員	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源