Solar Photovoltaic Installers
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 47-2231.00
Assemble, install, or maintain solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on roofs or other structures in compliance with site assessment and schematics. May include measuring, cutting, assembling, and bolting structural framing and solar modules. May perform minor electrical work such as current checks.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.09–0.19· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7119Building Frame and Related Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified0.09
- ISCO-08 7411Building and Related Electricians0.19
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 6 项（23.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Measure and analyze system performance and operating parameters to assess operating condition of systems or equipment.47-2231.00 | 0.019162.8 | 0.042177.8 |
Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations.47-2231.00 | 0.005016.4 | 0.008115.0 |
Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays.47-2231.00 | 0.004113.5 | —0 |
Determine appropriate sizes, ratings, and locations for all system overcurrent devices, disconnect devices, grounding equipment, and surge suppression equipment.47-2231.00 | 0.00227.2 | 0.00244.4 |
Demonstrate system functionality and performance, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency or bypass operations. | —0 | 0.00152.9 |
| Not observed on any surface — 21 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified. | —0 | —0 |
Install active solar systems, including solar collectors, concentrators, pumps, or fans. | —0 | —0 |
Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards using drawings, schematics, and instructions. | —0 | —0 |
Perform routine photovoltaic (PV) system maintenance on modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural systems, weather sealing, or balance of systems equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Activate photovoltaic (PV) systems to verify system functionality and conformity to performance expectations. | —0 | —0 |
Apply weather sealing to array, building, or support mechanisms. | —0 | —0 |
Determine connection interfaces for additional subpanels or for connecting photovoltaic (PV) systems with utility services or other power generation sources. | —0 | —0 |
Determine photovoltaic (PV) system designs or configurations based on factors such as customer needs, expectations, and site conditions. | —0 | —0 |
Examine designs to determine current requirements for all parts of the photovoltaic (PV) system electrical circuit. | —0 | —0 |
Identify and resolve any deficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) system installation or materials. | —0 | —0 |
Identify electrical, environmental, and safety hazards associated with photovoltaic (PV) installations. | —0 | —0 |
Identify methods for laying out, orienting, and mounting modules or arrays to ensure efficient installation, electrical configuration, or system maintenance. | —0 | —0 |
Install module array interconnect wiring, implementing measures to disable arrays during installation. | —0 | —0 |
Install required labels on solar system components and hardware. | —0 | —0 |
Program, adjust, or configure inverters and controls for desired set points and operating modes. | —0 | —0 |
Test operating voltages to ensure operation within acceptable limits for power conditioning equipment, such as inverters and controllers. | —0 | —0 |
Visually inspect and test photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems. | —0 | —0 |
Compile or maintain records of system operation, performance, and maintenance. | —0 | —0 |
Determine materials, equipment, and installation sequences necessary to maximize installation efficiency. | —0 | —0 |
Diagram layouts and locations for photovoltaic (PV) arrays and equipment, including existing building or site features. | —0 | —0 |
Select mechanical designs, installation equipment, or installation plans that conform to environmental, architectural, structural, site, and code requirements. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Determine photovoltaic (PV) system designs or configurations based on factors such as customer needs, expectations, and site conditions.O*NET Task ID 17749 | 0.5 |
Diagram layouts and locations for photovoltaic (PV) arrays and equipment, including existing building or site features.O*NET Task ID 17750 | 0.5 |
Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays.O*NET Task ID 17754 | 0.5 |
Visually inspect and test photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems.O*NET Task ID 17762 | 0.5 |
Compile or maintain records of system operation, performance, and maintenance.O*NET Task ID 17763 | 0.5 |
Determine materials, equipment, and installation sequences necessary to maximize installation efficiency.O*NET Task ID 17765 | 0.5 |
Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified.O*NET Task ID 17740 | 0.0 |
Install active solar systems, including solar collectors, concentrators, pumps, or fans.O*NET Task ID 17741 | 0.0 |
Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards, using drawings, schematics, and instructions.O*NET Task ID 17742 | 0.0 |
Perform routine photovoltaic (PV) system maintenance on modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural systems, weather sealing, or balance of systems equipment.O*NET Task ID 17743 | 0.0 |
Activate photovoltaic (PV) systems to verify system functionality and conformity to performance expectations.O*NET Task ID 17744 | 0.0 |
Apply weather sealing to array, building, or support mechanisms.O*NET Task ID 17745 | 0.0 |
Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations.O*NET Task ID 17746 | 0.0 |
Determine appropriate sizes, ratings, and locations for all system overcurrent devices, disconnect devices, grounding equipment, and surge suppression equipment.O*NET Task ID 17747 | 0.0 |
Determine connection interfaces for additional subpanels or for connecting photovoltaic (PV) systems with utility services or other power generation sources.O*NET Task ID 17748 | 0.0 |
Examine designs to determine current requirements for all parts of the photovoltaic (PV) system electrical circuit.O*NET Task ID 17751 | 0.0 |
Identify and resolve any deficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) system installation or materials.O*NET Task ID 17752 | 0.0 |
Identify electrical, environmental, and safety hazards associated with photovoltaic (PV) installations.O*NET Task ID 17753 | 0.0 |
Identify methods for laying out, orienting, and mounting modules or arrays to ensure efficient installation, electrical configuration, or system maintenance.O*NET Task ID 17755 | 0.0 |
Install module array interconnect wiring, implementing measures to disable arrays during installation.O*NET Task ID 17756 | 0.0 |
Install required labels on solar system components and hardware.O*NET Task ID 17757 | 0.0 |
Measure and analyze system performance and operating parameters to assess operating condition of systems or equipment.O*NET Task ID 17758 | 0.0 |
Program, adjust, or configure inverters and controls for desired set points and operating modes.O*NET Task ID 17759 | 0.0 |
Select mechanical designs, installation equipment, or installation plans that conform to environmental, architectural, structural, site, and code requirements.O*NET Task ID 17760 | 0.0 |
Test operating voltages to ensure operation within acceptable limits for power conditioning equipment, such as inverters and controllers.O*NET Task ID 17761 | 0.0 |
Demonstrate system functionality and performance, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency or bypass operations.O*NET Task ID 17764 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified. | 核心 |
| Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards, using drawings, schematics, and instructions. | 核心 |
| Perform routine photovoltaic (PV) system maintenance on modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural systems, weather sealing, or balance of systems equipment. | 核心 |
| Activate photovoltaic (PV) systems to verify system functionality and conformity to performance expectations. | 核心 |
| Apply weather sealing to array, building, or support mechanisms. | 核心 |
| Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations. | 核心 |
| Determine appropriate sizes, ratings, and locations for all system overcurrent devices, disconnect devices, grounding equipment, and surge suppression equipment. | 核心 |
| Determine connection interfaces for additional subpanels or for connecting photovoltaic (PV) systems with utility services or other power generation sources. | 核心 |
| Determine photovoltaic (PV) system designs or configurations based on factors such as customer needs, expectations, and site conditions. | 核心 |
| Diagram layouts and locations for photovoltaic (PV) arrays and equipment, including existing building or site features. | 核心 |
| Examine designs to determine current requirements for all parts of the photovoltaic (PV) system electrical circuit. | 核心 |
| Identify and resolve any deficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) system installation or materials. | 核心 |
| Identify electrical, environmental, and safety hazards associated with photovoltaic (PV) installations. | 核心 |
| Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays. | 核心 |
| Identify methods for laying out, orienting, and mounting modules or arrays to ensure efficient installation, electrical configuration, or system maintenance. | 核心 |
| Install module array interconnect wiring, implementing measures to disable arrays during installation. | 核心 |
| Install required labels on solar system components and hardware. | 核心 |
| Measure and analyze system performance and operating parameters to assess operating condition of systems or equipment. | 核心 |
| Program, adjust, or configure inverters and controls for desired set points and operating modes. | 核心 |
| Select mechanical designs, installation equipment, or installation plans that conform to environmental, architectural, structural, site, and code requirements. | 核心 |
| Test operating voltages to ensure operation within acceptable limits for power conditioning equipment, such as inverters and controllers. | 核心 |
| Visually inspect and test photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems. | 核心 |
| Compile or maintain records of system operation, performance, and maintenance. | 核心 |
| Demonstrate system functionality and performance, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency or bypass operations. | 核心 |
| Determine materials, equipment, and installation sequences necessary to maximize installation efficiency. | 核心 |
| Install active solar systems, including solar collectors, concentrators, pumps, or fans. | 补充 |
0.53/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards, using drawings, schematics, and instructions. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Perform routine photovoltaic (PV) system maintenance on modules, arrays, batteries, power conditioning equipment, safety systems, structural systems, weather sealing, or balance of systems equipment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Activate photovoltaic (PV) systems to verify system functionality and conformity to performance expectations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Apply weather sealing to array, building, or support mechanisms. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Identify and resolve any deficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) system installation or materials. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Install module array interconnect wiring, implementing measures to disable arrays during installation. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install required labels on solar system components and hardware. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure and analyze system performance and operating parameters to assess operating condition of systems or equipment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Test operating voltages to ensure operation within acceptable limits for power conditioning equipment, such as inverters and controllers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Visually inspect and test photovoltaic (PV) modules or systems. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Demonstrate system functionality and performance, including start-up, shut-down, normal operation, and emergency or bypass operations. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install active solar systems, including solar collectors, concentrators, pumps, or fans. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 31K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 42K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +36.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $53,140
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 76225 | 전기기기 설치 및 정비원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
| 23750 | 신재생에너지 시험원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7119Building Frame and Related Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的房屋框架及有关行业工人
- ISCO-08 7411Building and Related Electricians
建筑及有关电工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- solar energy technicianESCO 7411.1.4范围相同
Solar energy technicians install and maintain systems that collect solar energy. They prepare the necessary fixtures, often on roofs, install solar panels, and plug them into an electronic system including an inverter to connect the solar energy systems to the electricity lines.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1610 | Installateur mainteneur / Installatrice mainteneuse en systèmes solaires, thermiques et photovoltaïques | 本职业范围更窄 |
| F1602 | Electricien / Electricienne du bâtiment | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7294 | Montadores-instaladores de placas de energía solar | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 7510 | Electricistas de la construcción y afines | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 26242 | Berufe in der regenerativen Energietechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 26212 | Berufe in der Bauelektrik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 679 | その他の電気工事従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源