Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 49-9012.00

Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 39 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 6 项（15.4%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
已评分任务中有 7 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record meter readings and installation data on meter cards, work orders, or field service orders, or enter data into hand-held computers. O*NET Task ID 11777	1.0
Record maintenance information, including test results, material usage, and repairs made. O*NET Task ID 11780	1.0
Recommend and write up specifications for changes in hardware, such as house wiring. O*NET Task ID 11808	1.0
Report hazardous field situations and damaged or missing meters. O*NET Task ID 11776	0.5
Advise customers on proper installation of valves or regulators and related equipment. O*NET Task ID 11789	0.5
Collect money due on delinquent accounts. O*NET Task ID 11807	0.5
Turn meters on or off to establish or close service. O*NET Task ID 11774	0.0
Turn valves to allow measured amounts of air or gas to pass through meters at specified flow rates. O*NET Task ID 11775	0.0
Connect regulators to test stands, and turn screw adjustments until gauges indicate that inlet and outlet pressures meet specifications. O*NET Task ID 11778	0.0
Disassemble and repair mechanical control devices or valves, such as regulators, thermostats, or hydrants, using power tools, hand tools, and cutting torches. O*NET Task ID 11779	0.0
Disconnect or remove defective or unauthorized meters, using hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11781	0.0
Lubricate wearing surfaces of mechanical parts, using oils or other lubricants. O*NET Task ID 11782	0.0
Test valves and regulators for leaks and accurate temperature and pressure settings, using precision testing equipment. O*NET Task ID 11783	0.0
Install regulators and related equipment such as gas meters, odorization units, and gas pressure telemetering equipment. O*NET Task ID 11784	0.0
Shut off service and notify repair crews when major repairs are required, such as the replacement of underground pipes or wiring. O*NET Task ID 11785	0.0
Examine valves or mechanical control device parts for defects, dents, or loose attachments, and mark malfunctioning areas of defective units. O*NET Task ID 11786	0.0
Attach air hoses to meter inlets, plug outlets, and observe gauges for pressure losses to test internal seams for leaks. O*NET Task ID 11787	0.0
Dismantle meters, and replace or adjust defective parts such as cases, shafts, gears, disks, and recording mechanisms, using soldering irons and hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11788	0.0
Connect hoses from provers to meter inlets and outlets, and raise prover bells until prover gauges register zero. O*NET Task ID 11790	0.0
Make adjustments to meter components, such as setscrews or timing mechanisms, so that they conform to specifications. O*NET Task ID 11791	0.0
Replace defective parts, such as bellows, range springs, and toggle switches, and reassemble units according to blueprints, using cam presses and hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11792	0.0
Investigate instances of illegal tapping into service lines. O*NET Task ID 11793	0.0
Install, inspect and test electric meters, relays, and power sources to detect causes of malfunctions and inaccuracies, using hand tools and testing equipment. O*NET Task ID 11794	0.0
Trace and tag meters or house lines. O*NET Task ID 11795	0.0
Mount and install meters and other electric equipment such as time clocks, transformers, and circuit breakers, using electricians' hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11796	0.0
Vary air pressure flowing into regulators and turn handles to assess functioning of valves and pistons. O*NET Task ID 11797	0.0
Attach pressurized meters to fixtures which submerge them in water, and observe meters for leaks. O*NET Task ID 11798	0.0
Measure tolerances of assembled and salvageable parts for conformance to standards or specifications, using gauges, micrometers, and calipers. O*NET Task ID 11799	0.0
Repair leaks in valve seats or bellows of automotive heater thermostats, using soft solder, flux, and acetylene torches. O*NET Task ID 11800	0.0
Clean internal compartments and moving parts, using rags and cleaning compounds. O*NET Task ID 11801	0.0
Repair electric meters and components, such as transformers and relays, and replace metering devices, dial glasses, and faulty or incorrect wiring, using hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11802	0.0
Recondition displacement type gas meters and governors, fabricating, machining, or modifying parts needed for repairs. O*NET Task ID 11803	0.0
Cut seats to receive new orifices, tap inspection ports, and perform other repairs to salvage usable materials, using hand tools and machine tools. O*NET Task ID 11804	0.0
Reassemble repaired equipment, and solder top, front, and back case panels in place, using soldering guns, power tools, and hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11805	0.0
Calibrate thermostats for specified temperature or pressure settings. O*NET Task ID 11806	0.0
Splice and connect cables from meters or current transformers to pull boxes or switchboards, using hand tools. O*NET Task ID 11810	0.0
Clean plant growth, scale, paint, soil, or rust from meter housings, using wire brushes, scrapers, buffers, sandblasters, or cleaning compounds. O*NET Task ID 11811	0.0
Clamp regulator units into vises on stages above water tanks, and attach compressed air hoses to intake ports. O*NET Task ID 11812	0.0
Calibrate instrumentation, such as meters, gauges, and regulators, for pressure, temperature, flow, and level. O*NET Task ID 21024	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（32 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Disassemble and repair mechanical control devices or valves, such as regulators, thermostats, or hydrants, using power tools, hand tools, and cutting torches.	核心
Record maintenance information, including test results, material usage, and repairs made.	核心
Lubricate wearing surfaces of mechanical parts, using oils or other lubricants.	核心
Turn meters on or off to establish or close service.	补充
Turn valves to allow measured amounts of air or gas to pass through meters at specified flow rates.	补充
Report hazardous field situations and damaged or missing meters.	补充
Record meter readings and installation data on meter cards, work orders, or field service orders, or enter data into hand-held computers.	补充
Connect regulators to test stands, and turn screw adjustments until gauges indicate that inlet and outlet pressures meet specifications.	补充
Disconnect or remove defective or unauthorized meters, using hand tools.	补充
Test valves and regulators for leaks and accurate temperature and pressure settings, using precision testing equipment.	补充
Install regulators and related equipment such as gas meters, odorization units, and gas pressure telemetering equipment.	补充
Shut off service and notify repair crews when major repairs are required, such as the replacement of underground pipes or wiring.	补充
Examine valves or mechanical control device parts for defects, dents, or loose attachments, and mark malfunctioning areas of defective units.	补充
Attach air hoses to meter inlets, plug outlets, and observe gauges for pressure losses to test internal seams for leaks.	补充
Dismantle meters, and replace or adjust defective parts such as cases, shafts, gears, disks, and recording mechanisms, using soldering irons and hand tools.	补充
Advise customers on proper installation of valves or regulators and related equipment.	补充
Connect hoses from provers to meter inlets and outlets, and raise prover bells until prover gauges register zero.	补充
Make adjustments to meter components, such as setscrews or timing mechanisms, so that they conform to specifications.	补充
Replace defective parts, such as bellows, range springs, and toggle switches, and reassemble units according to blueprints, using cam presses and hand tools.	补充
Investigate instances of illegal tapping into service lines.	补充
Install, inspect and test electric meters, relays, and power sources to detect causes of malfunctions and inaccuracies, using hand tools and testing equipment.	补充
Trace and tag meters or house lines.	补充
Mount and install meters and other electric equipment such as time clocks, transformers, and circuit breakers, using electricians' hand tools.	补充
Vary air pressure flowing into regulators and turn handles to assess functioning of valves and pistons.	补充
Measure tolerances of assembled and salvageable parts for conformance to standards or specifications, using gauges, micrometers, and calipers.	补充
Repair leaks in valve seats or bellows of automotive heater thermostats, using soft solder, flux, and acetylene torches.	补充
Clean internal compartments and moving parts, using rags and cleaning compounds.	补充
Repair electric meters and components, such as transformers and relays, and replace metering devices, dial glasses, and faulty or incorrect wiring, using hand tools.	补充
Cut seats to receive new orifices, tap inspection ports, and perform other repairs to salvage usable materials, using hand tools and machine tools.	补充
Splice and connect cables from meters or current transformers to pull boxes or switchboards, using hand tools.	补充
Clean plant growth, scale, paint, soil, or rust from meter housings, using wire brushes, scrapers, buffers, sandblasters, or cleaning compounds.	补充
Calibrate instrumentation, such as meters, gauges, and regulators, for pressure, temperature, flow, and level.	补充

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.73/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Disassemble and repair mechanical control devices or valves, such as regulators, thermostats, or hydrants, using power tools, hand tools, and cutting torches.	E0 机器人不可
Lubricate wearing surfaces of mechanical parts, using oils or other lubricants.	E1 机器人专用设施
Turn meters on or off to establish or close service.	E3 非结构化环境
Turn valves to allow measured amounts of air or gas to pass through meters at specified flow rates.	E1 机器人专用设施
Connect regulators to test stands, and turn screw adjustments until gauges indicate that inlet and outlet pressures meet specifications.	E1 机器人专用设施
Disconnect or remove defective or unauthorized meters, using hand tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Test valves and regulators for leaks and accurate temperature and pressure settings, using precision testing equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install regulators and related equipment such as gas meters, odorization units, and gas pressure telemetering equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Shut off service and notify repair crews when major repairs are required, such as the replacement of underground pipes or wiring.	E1 机器人专用设施
Examine valves or mechanical control device parts for defects, dents, or loose attachments, and mark malfunctioning areas of defective units.	E1 机器人专用设施
Attach air hoses to meter inlets, plug outlets, and observe gauges for pressure losses to test internal seams for leaks.	E1 机器人专用设施
Dismantle meters, and replace or adjust defective parts such as cases, shafts, gears, disks, and recording mechanisms, using soldering irons and hand tools.	E0 机器人不可
Connect hoses from provers to meter inlets and outlets, and raise prover bells until prover gauges register zero.	E1 机器人专用设施
Make adjustments to meter components, such as setscrews or timing mechanisms, so that they conform to specifications.	E1 机器人专用设施
Replace defective parts, such as bellows, range springs, and toggle switches, and reassemble units according to blueprints, using cam presses and hand tools.	E0 机器人不可
Investigate instances of illegal tapping into service lines.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install, inspect and test electric meters, relays, and power sources to detect causes of malfunctions and inaccuracies, using hand tools and testing equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Trace and tag meters or house lines.	E0 机器人不可
Mount and install meters and other electric equipment such as time clocks, transformers, and circuit breakers, using electricians' hand tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Vary air pressure flowing into regulators and turn handles to assess functioning of valves and pistons.	E1 机器人专用设施
Measure tolerances of assembled and salvageable parts for conformance to standards or specifications, using gauges, micrometers, and calipers.	E1 机器人专用设施
Repair leaks in valve seats or bellows of automotive heater thermostats, using soft solder, flux, and acetylene torches.	E0 机器人不可
Clean internal compartments and moving parts, using rags and cleaning compounds.	E1 机器人专用设施
Repair electric meters and components, such as transformers and relays, and replace metering devices, dial glasses, and faulty or incorrect wiring, using hand tools.	E0 机器人不可
Cut seats to receive new orifices, tap inspection ports, and perform other repairs to salvage usable materials, using hand tools and machine tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Splice and connect cables from meters or current transformers to pull boxes or switchboards, using hand tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Clean plant growth, scale, paint, soil, or rust from meter housings, using wire brushes, scrapers, buffers, sandblasters, or cleaning compounds.	E1 机器人专用设施
Calibrate instrumentation, such as meters, gauges, and regulators, for pressure, temperature, flow, and level.	E1 机器人专用设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 50K
预计就业人数，2035: 53K
变化 (2025–35): +4.3%
年薪中位数，2025: $74,340
入职通常所需学历: High school diploma or equivalent

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
76224	전기제어장치 설치 및 정비원	相关，但不对应	已确认
99212	가스 점검원	相关，但不对应	已审核

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 7412Electrical Mechanics and Fitters
电气机械工和装配工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Electrical mechanics and fitters fit, adjust, install and repair electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and equipment in buildings, factories, motor vehicles, workshops, or other places.

任务

(a) fitting, adjusting and repairing various kinds of electrical machinery and motors, generators, switchgear and control apparatus, instruments, or electrical parts of elevators and related equipment;
(b) fitting, adjusting and repairing electrical parts in domestic appliances, industrial machines and other appliances;
(c) inspecting and testing manufactured electrical products;
(d) installing, testing, connecting, commissioning, maintaining and modifying electrical equipment, wiring and control systems;
(e) designing, installing, maintaining, servicing and repairing electric and hydraulic passenger and freight lifts, escalators, moving walkways and other lift equipment;
(f) connecting electrical systems to power supply;
(g) replacing and repairing defective parts.

职业示例

Armature builder · Automotive electrician · Electrical generator fitter · Electrical mechanic · Lift mechanic

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

electric meter technicianESCO 7411.1.2本职业范围更宽
Electric meter technicians install and maintain electric meter systems in facilities or buildings. They install the equipment in accordance with regulations and repair faults and other problems. They test the equipment and advise on the use and care.
fluid power technicianESCO 7233.4有重叠，但不相同
Fluid power technicians install and assemble equipment that uses liquid or gas pressure to transmit or regulate power. They also perform tests on and maintain this equipment.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
F1627	Poseur / Poseuse de compteurs	有重叠，但不相同暂定
I1313	Hydraulicien industriel / Hydraulicienne industrielle	相关，但不对应
I1310	Mécanicien / Mécanicienne de maintenance industrielle	相关，但不对应暂定
I1318	Instrumentiste Industriel / Industrielle	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
7403	Mecánicos y ajustadores de maquinaria agrícola e industrial	相关，但不对应
7521	Mecánicos y reparadores de equipos eléctricos	相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
26122	Berufe in der Automatisierungstechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
551	はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者	相关，但不对应
552	電気機械器具整備・修理従事者	相关，但不对应
555	計量計測機器・光学機械器具整備・修理従事者	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源