Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations

O*NET-SOC 代码: 49-9021.00

Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and heating stoves.

数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）
数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.019
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
以O*NET任务映射为基准
按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值
来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）
数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.21
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70
职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（13.3%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。

来源: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本: gh-main-0471612
许可: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 49-9021.01 Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics and Installers; 49-9021.02 Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业

Task (O*NET 20.1)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components. 49-9021.01	0.004672.1	0.0016100.0
Insulate shells and cabinets of systems. 49-9021.02	0.001827.9	—0
Not observed on any surface — 45 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.	—0	—0
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.	—0	—0
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.	—0	—0
Test pipe or tubing joints or connections for leaks, using pressure gauge or soap-and-water solution.	—0	—0
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.	—0	—0
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.	—0	—0
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.	—0	—0
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.	—0	—0
Fabricate, assemble, or install duct work or chassis parts, using portable metal-working tools or welding equipment.	—0	—0
Install and test automatic, programmable, or wireless thermostats in residential or commercial buildings to minimize energy usage for heating or cooling.	—0	—0
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.	—0	—0
Install magnetic-centrifugal chillers, compressors, or related equipment to cool air temperatures through the use of recirculating water.	—0	—0
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.	—0	—0
Install radiator controls for room-level zone control heating of residential or commercial buildings.	—0	—0
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, or refilling non-toxic refrigerants.	—0	—0
Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.	—0	—0
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.	—0	—0
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.	—0	—0
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.	—0	—0
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.	—0	—0
Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.	—0	—0
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.	—0	—0
Assemble, position, and mount heating or cooling equipment, following blueprints or manufacturer's specifications.	—0	—0
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.	—0	—0
Wrap pipes, securing insulation in place with cement or wire bands.	—0	—0
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.	—0	—0
Observe and test system operation, using gauges and instruments.	—0	—0
Test lines, components, and connections for leaks.	—0	—0
Dismantle malfunctioning systems and test components, using electrical, mechanical, and pneumatic testing equipment.	—0	—0
Adjust or replace worn or defective mechanisms and parts and reassemble repaired systems.	—0	—0
Read blueprints to determine location, size, capacity, and type of components needed to build refrigeration system.	—0	—0
Supervise and instruct assistants.	—0	—0
Install wiring to connect components to an electric power source.	—0	—0
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.	—0	—0
Cut, bend, thread, and connect pipe to functional components and water, power, or refrigeration system.	—0	—0
Adjust valves according to specifications and charge system with proper type of refrigerant by pumping the specified gas or fluid into the system.	—0	—0
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.	—0	—0
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.	—0	—0
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.	—0	—0
Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions.	—0	—0
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.	—0	—0
Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock.	—0	—0
Fabricate and assemble structural and functional components of refrigeration system, using hand tools, power tools, and welding equipment.	—0	—0
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.	—0	—0
Drill holes and install mounting brackets and hangers into floor and walls of building.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders. O*NET Task ID 23563	1.0
Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions. O*NET Task ID 23572	1.0
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components. O*NET Task ID 23558	0.5
Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock. O*NET Task ID 23575	0.5
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment. O*NET Task ID 23552	0.0
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring. O*NET Task ID 23553	0.0
Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions. O*NET Task ID 23554	0.0
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit. O*NET Task ID 23555	0.0
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers. O*NET Task ID 23556	0.0
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area. O*NET Task ID 23557	0.0
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers. O*NET Task ID 23559	0.0
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks. O*NET Task ID 23560	0.0
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools. O*NET Task ID 23561	0.0
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions. O*NET Task ID 23562	0.0
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming. O*NET Task ID 23564	0.0
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system. O*NET Task ID 23565	0.0
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches. O*NET Task ID 23566	0.0
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms. O*NET Task ID 23567	0.0
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters. O*NET Task ID 23568	0.0
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills. O*NET Task ID 23569	0.0
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment. O*NET Task ID 23570	0.0
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools. O*NET Task ID 23571	0.0
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems. O*NET Task ID 23573	0.0
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition. O*NET Task ID 23574	0.0
Supervise and instruct assistants. O*NET Task ID 23576	0.0
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments. O*NET Task ID 23577	0.0
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle. O*NET Task ID 23578	0.0
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. O*NET Task ID 23579	0.0
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants. O*NET Task ID 23580	0.0
Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks. O*NET Task ID 23581	0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（30 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）	类型
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.	核心
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.	核心
Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.	核心
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.	核心
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.	核心
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.	核心
Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.	核心
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.	核心
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.	核心
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.	核心
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.	核心
Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.	核心
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.	核心
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.	核心
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.	核心
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.	核心
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.	核心
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.	核心
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.	核心
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.	核心
Keep records of repairs and replacements made and causes of malfunctions.	核心
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.	核心
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.	核心
Schedule work with customers and initiate work orders, house requisitions, and orders from stock.	核心
Supervise and instruct assistants.	核心
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.	核心
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.	核心
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.	核心
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants.	核心
Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks.	核心

Anthropic「What work can robots do?」2026-09

0.46/ 3· 机器人暴露指数

0 不可3 非结构化环境

尺度 · 母数 · 来源

对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均

以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准

等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。

来源数据集

机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。

每项体力任务的等级

机器人环境等级（E0–E3）

E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地

仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。

任务（O*NET 29.3）	机器人环境等级
Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring.	E0 机器人不可
Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers.	E1 机器人专用设施
Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.	E0 机器人不可
Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers.	E0 机器人不可
Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks.	E1 机器人专用设施
Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions.	E1 机器人专用设施
Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming.	E0 机器人不可
Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms.	E0 机器人不可
Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters.	E1 机器人专用设施
Cut or drill holes in floors, walls, or roof to install equipment, using power saws or drills.	E0 机器人不可
Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment.	E1 机器人专用设施
Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools.	E1 机器人专用设施
Estimate, order, pick up, deliver, and install materials and supplies needed to maintain equipment in good working condition.	E0 机器人不可
Lay out reference points for installation of structural and functional components, using measuring instruments.	E1 机器人专用设施
Lift and align components into position, using hoist or block and tackle.	E1 机器人专用设施
Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.	E0 机器人不可
Install or repair air purification systems, such as specialized filters or ultraviolet (UV) light purification systems.	E0 机器人不可
Repair or service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve efficiency, such as by changing filters, cleaning ducts, and refilling non-toxic refrigerants.	E0 机器人不可
Test pipes, lines, components, and connections for leaks.	E1 机器人专用设施

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025: 441K
预计就业人数，2035: 489K
变化 (2025–35): +10.9%
年薪中位数，2025: $61,010
入职通常所需学历: Postsecondary nondegree award

最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码	KSCO 名称	关系	状态
75351	건물용 냉동·냉장·공조기 설치 및 정비원	本职业范围更宽	已确认
75359	그 외 냉동·냉장·공조기 설치 및 정비원	本职业范围更宽	已确认
75361	건물용 보일러 설치 및 정비원	本职业范围更宽	已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

ISCO-08 7127Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics
空调和制冷机械工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics assemble, install, maintain and repair air conditioning and refrigeration systems and equipment.

任务

(a) interpreting blueprints, drawings or other specifications;
(b) assembling, installing and repairing components such as compressors, motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges for air conditioning and refrigeration systems;
(c) connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or brazing;
(d) testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or servicing.

职业示例

Air conditioning equipment mechanic · Refrigeration mechanic

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration engineering technicianESCO 3115.1.5有重叠，但不相同
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration engineering technicians aid in the design of devices which provide heating, ventilation, air conditioning and possibly refrigeration in buildings. They ensure the equipment complies with environmental standards. They handle hazardous materials used in the systems, and ensure safety precautions are in place.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码	ROME 名称（法语）	关系
F1620	Installateur / Installatrice chauffage et climatisation	本职业范围更宽暂定
I1306	Frigoriste	本职业范围更宽暂定
I1308	Chauffagiste	本职业范围更宽暂定
I1316	Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance Chauffage, Ventilation et Climatisation - CVC	本职业范围更宽暂定
I1336	Technicien / Technicienne froid embarqué routier	本职业范围更宽暂定
F1621	Ramoneur / Ramoneuse	相关，但不对应
F1630	Technicien / Technicienne de désenfumage	相关，但不对应
I1325	Technicien-cuisiniste / Technicienne-cuisiniste en cuisines professionnelles	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码	CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）	关系
7250	Mecánicos-instaladores de refrigeración y climatización	范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码	KldB 名称（德语）	关系
34232	Berufe in der Kältetechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	本职业范围更宽
34212	Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	有重叠，但不相同
34213	Berufe in der Sanitär-, Heizungs- und Klimatechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
34222	Berufe im Ofen- und Luftheizungsbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定
34233	Berufe in der Kältetechnik - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten	相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码	JSCO 名称（日语）	关系
551	はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者	相关，但不对应
666	配管従事者	相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源