Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
49-9098.00

Help installation, maintenance, and repair workers in maintenance, parts replacement, and repair of vehicles, industrial machinery, and electrical and electronic equipment. Perform duties such as furnishing tools, materials, and supplies to other workers; cleaning work area, machines, and tools; and holding materials or tools for other workers.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.11

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 16 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 1 项（6.3%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 20.1)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Examine and test machinery, equipment, components, and parts for defects to ensure proper functioning.

49-9098.00

0.0016100.0
Not observed on any surface — 15 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Tend and observe equipment and machinery to verify efficient and safe operation.
—0
Adjust, connect, or disconnect wiring, piping, tubing, and other parts, using hand or power tools.
—0
Install or replace machinery, equipment, and new or replacement parts and instruments, using hand or power tools.
—0
Clean or lubricate vehicles, machinery, equipment, instruments, tools, work areas, and other objects, using hand tools, power tools, and cleaning equipment.
—0
Apply protective materials to equipment, components, and parts to prevent defects and corrosion.
—0
Transfer tools, parts, equipment, and supplies to and from work stations and other areas.
—0
Disassemble broken or defective equipment to facilitate repair and reassemble equipment when repairs are complete.
—0
Assemble and maintain physical structures, using hand or power tools.
—0
Position vehicles, machinery, equipment, physical structures, and other objects for assembly or installation, using hand tools, power tools, and moving equipment.
—0
Hold or supply tools, parts, equipment, and supplies for other workers.
—0
Adjust, maintain, and repair tools, equipment, and machines, and assist more skilled workers with similar tasks.
—0
Prepare work stations for use by mechanics and repairers.
—0
Order new parts to maintain inventory.
—0
Diagnose electrical problems and install and rewire electrical components.
—0
Design, weld, and fabricate parts, using blueprints or other mechanical plans.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（16 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Tend and observe equipment and machinery to verify efficient and safe operation.核心
Examine and test machinery, equipment, components, and parts for defects to ensure proper functioning.核心
Adjust, connect, or disconnect wiring, piping, tubing, and other parts, using hand or power tools.核心
Install or replace machinery, equipment, and new or replacement parts and instruments, using hand or power tools.核心
Clean or lubricate vehicles, machinery, equipment, instruments, tools, work areas, and other objects, using hand tools, power tools, and cleaning equipment.核心
Apply protective materials to equipment, components, and parts to prevent defects and corrosion.核心
Transfer tools, parts, equipment, and supplies to and from work stations and other areas.核心
Disassemble broken or defective equipment to facilitate repair and reassemble equipment when repairs are complete.核心
Position vehicles, machinery, equipment, physical structures, and other objects for assembly or installation, using hand tools, power tools, and moving equipment.核心
Hold or supply tools, parts, equipment, and supplies for other workers.核心
Adjust, maintain, and repair tools, equipment, and machines, and assist more skilled workers with similar tasks.核心
Order new parts to maintain inventory.核心
Diagnose electrical problems and install and rewire electrical components.核心
Design, weld, and fabricate parts, using blueprints or other mechanical plans.核心
Assemble and maintain physical structures, using hand or power tools.补充
Prepare work stations for use by mechanics and repairers.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
97K
预计就业人数，2035
102K
变化 (2025–35)
+5.3%
年薪中位数，2025
$39,630
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
93099그 외 제조 관련 단순 종사원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 9622Odd Job Persons

    杂务工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。

Odd job persons clean, paint and maintain buildings, grounds and facilities, and undertake simple repairs.

任务

  • (a) repairing broken windows, screens, doors, fences, barbecues, picnic tables, shelves, cupboards and other items;
  • (b) replacing defective items such as light bulbs;
  • (c) repairing and painting interior and exterior surfaces such as walls, ceilings and fences;
  • (d) adjusting doors and windows;
  • (e) replacing tap washers;
  • (f) putting up handrails and grab rails;
  • (g) unloading coal or wood and putting it into cellars of private households or establishments.

职业示例

Handyperson · Hotel useful · Odd-job person

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

ISCO-08 9622

  • handymanESCO 9622.1

    Handymen perform various maintenance and repair activities for buildings, grounds and other facilities. They repair and renovate structures and components, fences, gates and roofs, assemble furniture and perform plumbing and electrical activities. They check heating and ventilation systems, air quality and humidity in the building.

这些是 ESCO 归入上方所关联 ISCO-08 职业组之下的 ESCO 职业；它们并未与本职业逐项对应。

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
I1310Mécanicien / Mécanicienne de maintenance industrielle相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
9490Otras ocupaciones elementales相关，但不对应
9700Peones de las industrias manufactureras相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
25101Berufe in der Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同暂定
25201Berufe in der Fahrzeugtechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同暂定
26301Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
551はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者相关，但不对应暂定
553自動車整備・修理従事者相关，但不对应暂定
739その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源