Machinists

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-4041.00

Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.18

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 29 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 8 项（27.6%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Program computers or electronic instruments, such as numerically controlled machine tools.

O*NET Task ID 3110

1.0
Confer with engineering, supervisory, or manufacturing personnel to exchange technical information.

O*NET Task ID 3112

1.0
Confer with numerical control programmers to check and ensure that new programs or machinery will function properly and that output will meet specifications.

O*NET Task ID 3116

1.0
Evaluate machining procedures and recommend changes or modifications for improved efficiency or adaptability.

O*NET Task ID 20297

1.0
Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts.

O*NET Task ID 3101

0.5
Design fixtures, tooling, or experimental parts to meet special engineering needs.

O*NET Task ID 3119

0.5
Prepare working sketches for the illustration of product appearance.

O*NET Task ID 3120

0.5
Study sample parts, blueprints, drawings, or engineering information to determine methods or sequences of operations needed to fabricate products.

O*NET Task ID 20295

0.5
Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders.

O*NET Task ID 3094

0.0
Measure, examine, or test completed units to check for defects and ensure conformance to specifications, using precision instruments, such as micrometers.

O*NET Task ID 3095

0.0
Align and secure holding fixtures, cutting tools, attachments, accessories, or materials onto machines.

O*NET Task ID 3097

0.0
Monitor the feed and speed of machines during the machining process.

O*NET Task ID 3098

0.0
Check work pieces to ensure that they are properly lubricated or cooled.

O*NET Task ID 3103

0.0
Operate equipment to verify operational efficiency.

O*NET Task ID 3106

0.0
Install repaired parts into equipment or install new equipment.

O*NET Task ID 3107

0.0
Advise clients about the materials being used for finished products.

O*NET Task ID 3109

0.0
Dismantle machines or equipment, using hand tools or power tools to examine parts for defects and replace defective parts where needed.

O*NET Task ID 3113

0.0
Establish work procedures for fabricating new structural products, using a variety of metalworking machines.

O*NET Task ID 3114

0.0
Support metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly, inspection, and testing, using knowledge of machine functions, metal properties, and mathematics.

O*NET Task ID 3115

0.0
Fit and assemble parts to make or repair machine tools.

O*NET Task ID 3117

0.0
Install experimental parts or assemblies, such as hydraulic systems, electrical wiring, lubricants, or batteries into machines or mechanisms.

O*NET Task ID 3121

0.0
Set up or operate metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding, or cutting equipment.

O*NET Task ID 3122

0.0
Test experimental models under simulated operating conditions, for purposes such as development, standardization, or feasibility of design.

O*NET Task ID 3123

0.0
Dispose of scrap or waste material in accordance with company policies and environmental regulations.

O*NET Task ID 19905

0.0
Separate scrap waste and related materials for reuse, recycling, or disposal.

O*NET Task ID 19906

0.0
Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments, such as micrometers or vernier calipers.

O*NET Task ID 20292

0.0
Set up, adjust, or operate basic or specialized machine tools used to perform precision machining operations.

O*NET Task ID 20293

0.0
Maintain machine tools in proper operational condition.

O*NET Task ID 20294

0.0
Diagnose machine tool malfunctions to determine need for adjustments or repairs.

O*NET Task ID 20296

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders.核心
Measure, examine, or test completed units to check for defects and ensure conformance to specifications, using precision instruments, such as micrometers.核心
Align and secure holding fixtures, cutting tools, attachments, accessories, or materials onto machines.核心
Monitor the feed and speed of machines during the machining process.核心
Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts.核心
Check work pieces to ensure that they are properly lubricated or cooled.核心
Operate equipment to verify operational efficiency.核心
Program computers or electronic instruments, such as numerically controlled machine tools.核心
Confer with engineering, supervisory, or manufacturing personnel to exchange technical information.核心
Confer with numerical control programmers to check and ensure that new programs or machinery will function properly and that output will meet specifications.核心
Fit and assemble parts to make or repair machine tools.核心
Design fixtures, tooling, or experimental parts to meet special engineering needs.核心
Dispose of scrap or waste material in accordance with company policies and environmental regulations.核心
Separate scrap waste and related materials for reuse, recycling, or disposal.核心
Calculate dimensions or tolerances, using instruments, such as micrometers or vernier calipers.核心
Set up, adjust, or operate basic or specialized machine tools used to perform precision machining operations.核心
Maintain machine tools in proper operational condition.核心
Study sample parts, blueprints, drawings, or engineering information to determine methods or sequences of operations needed to fabricate products.核心
Diagnose machine tool malfunctions to determine need for adjustments or repairs.核心
Evaluate machining procedures and recommend changes or modifications for improved efficiency or adaptability.核心
Install repaired parts into equipment or install new equipment.补充
Advise clients about the materials being used for finished products.补充
Dismantle machines or equipment, using hand tools or power tools to examine parts for defects and replace defective parts where needed.补充
Establish work procedures for fabricating new structural products, using a variety of metalworking machines.补充
Support metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly, inspection, and testing, using knowledge of machine functions, metal properties, and mathematics.补充
Prepare working sketches for the illustration of product appearance.补充
Install experimental parts or assemblies, such as hydraulic systems, electrical wiring, lubricants, or batteries into machines or mechanisms.补充
Set up or operate metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding, or cutting equipment.补充
Test experimental models under simulated operating conditions, for purposes such as development, standardization, or feasibility of design.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
288K
预计就业人数，2035
291K
变化 (2025–35)
+1%
年薪中位数，2025
$58,750
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
85101선반기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
85102밀링기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
85107머시닝센터 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators

    金属加工机床调整工和操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • computer numerical control machine operatorESCO 7223.4本职业范围更宽

    Computer numerical control machine operators set-up, maintain and control a computer numerical control machine in order to execute the product orders. They are responsible for programming the machines, ensuring the required parameters and measurements are met while maintaining the quality and safety standards.

  • fitter and turnerESCO 7223.7本职业范围更宽

    Fitters and turners use machine tools to create and modify metal parts according to set specifications in order to fit components for machinery. They ensure the finished components are ready for assembly.

  • gear machinistESCO 7223.8本职业范围更宽

    Gear machinists make precision parts for gears and other driving elements. They use a variety of machine tools.

  • lathe and turning machine operatorESCO 7223.4.4本职业范围更宽

    Lathe and turning machine operators set up, program and tend lathe and turning machines designed to cut excess metal from a metal workpiece using a hardened cutting tool moved by computer-controlled motors. They read lathe and turning machine blueprints and tooling instructions, perform regular machine maintenance, and make adjustments to the lathe controls, such as the depth of cuts and the rotation speed.

  • metal planer operatorESCO 7223.12本职业范围更宽

    Metal planer operators set up and operate a planer, which is a metalworking machine designed to cut excess material from a metal workpiece using linear relative motion between the planer's cutting tool and the workpiece in order to create a linear toolpath and cut.

  • milling machine operatorESCO 7223.4.6本职业范围更宽

    Milling machine operators set up, program and control milling machines, designed to cut excess material from metal workpieces using a computer-controlled rotary-cutting, milling cutter. They read milling machine blueprints and tooling instructions, perform regular machine maintenance, and make adjustments to the milling controls, such as the depth of cuts or the rotation speed.

  • screw machine operatorESCO 7223.19本职业范围更宽

    Screw machine operators set up and tend mechanical screw machines designed to manufacture (threaded) screws out of processed metal workpieces, specifically small- to medium-sized ones that have been turned by a lathe and turn machine.

  • tool and die makerESCO 7222.5本职业范围更宽

    Tool and die makers operate a variety of equipment and machinery designed to create metal tools and dies, which are both needed in several areas of manufacturing, and produce these tools in all steps of the production process. They design the tools and dies, then cut and shape them to size and finish them by manually operated machine tools, power tools, hand tools, or programming and tending CNC tool and die making machines.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H2903Usineur / Usineuse本职业范围更窄
H2516Technicien / Technicienne de production du travail des métaux本职业范围更宽
H2901Ajusteur-monteur / Ajusteuse-monteuse相关，但不对应
H2925Armurier / Armurière de fabrication相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7322Trabajadores de la fabricación de herramientas, mecánico-ajustadores, modelistas, matriceros y afines有重叠，但不相同
7323Ajustadores y operadores de máquinas-herramienta有重叠，但不相同

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
24232Berufe in der spanenden Metallbearbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
24512Berufe in der Feinwerktechnik - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
523金属工作機械作業従事者本职业范围更窄暂定
541はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具組立従事者相关，但不对应暂定
551はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源