Credits & Data Sources
AI Changing Work draws on publicly available research, open classification standards, and open-source technologies. This page credits the references and tools behind the site. The AI exposure figures published here are drawn from the datasets listed below, and the employment, wage and projection figures are transcribed from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections. Source values are carried at the value each publisher assigned: AI Changing Work does not rescale, reweight, reclassify or blend them, and calculates no exposure score of its own. AI Changing Work performs the mapping onto O*NET occupation and task codes. Presentation is localised — for example, where a publisher expresses a value as a worded category rather than a number, the wording shown is that category translated into the page's language. Localisation changes how a value is written, not which value its publisher assigned.
Data Sources
Source of the occupational classification taxonomy — the codes and titles used to organize the occupations listed here, and the task and occupation codes the external exposure datasets are mapped onto.
CC BY 4.0Source of the employment, wage and projected-change figures shown on this site, transcribed from BLS Employment Projections 2025-35 at the SOC occupational-group level.
Public DomainSource of the relative AI exposure band shown on occupation pages, carried from the 2025-35 edition at the value BLS assigned. Presentation is localised — the band is a worded category rather than a number, and the wording shown is that category translated into the page's language. Localisation changes how a value is written, not which value its publisher assigned. The band is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: BLS builds it by grouping each occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands, and two of those studies are also credited on this page.
Public DomainSource of the observed exposure and task penetration figures shown on this site, reproduced without modification under CC BY 4.0.
Referenced for global AI adoption rates, investment data, and policy analysis.
Referenced for labor statistics across 38 countries and the AI Policy Observatory.
Referenced for global employment trends and the GenAI occupational exposure index.
Research & Publications
Key institutions whose research is cited in our blog content and analysis:
- Brookings Institution — AI labor market meta-analyses
- Dallas Federal Reserve — AI employment and wage data
- PwC — AI Jobs Barometer
- Economic Innovation Group (EIG) — AI jobs counterarguments
- Yale Budget Lab — CPS labor market exposure analysis
- NBER — AI adoption and employment studies
Technology
Open-source technologies used to build this site:
| Project | Role | License |
|---|---|---|
| Next.js | React framework | MIT License |
| PostgreSQL | Database | PostgreSQL License |
| Tailwind CSS | Styling | MIT License |
| shadcn/ui | UI components | MIT License |
| Recharts | Data visualization | MIT License |
| next-intl | Internationalization | MIT License |
| Lucide | Icons | ISC License |
AI Tools
Data analysis, content generation, and translations are performed with the assistance of Anthropic Claude.
Open Data Licenses
We comply with the following data-use terms:
- This site includes information from O*NET Resource Center by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified some of this information — occupation and task statements are machine-translated into other languages and mapped onto this site's occupation set. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications. View terms
- BLS data is in the U.S. Government Public Domain.
- OECD data is used in accordance with the OECD Terms and Conditions. View terms
- Occupational classification vocabulary comes from the following sources: ILO ISCO-08, International Labour Organization (no licence stated by the ILO for this publication; reused with attribution); O*NET® 30.2, U.S. DOL/ETA (CC BY 4.0); the KSCO 8th–ISCO-08 Correspondence Table published by the Korea Data Agency under KOGL Type 3 (Attribution – No Derivatives), quoted verbatim; BSCO-2020 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), reproduced without modification under no open licence and not endorsed by BBS or the ILO; 総務省「国際標準職業分類(ISCO)2008年改定版(仮訳)分類項目名一覧(和英対照)」— 原著:ILO ISCO-08 © International Labour Organization(日本語訳は総務省がILOの許可を得て作成); ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1), European Commission, DG EMPL (© European Union; reused under the European Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). AI Changing Work has modified this material: ESCO records were mapped to ISCO-08 groups, selected by locale and restructured into this site's occupation schema. The ESCO texts themselves are reproduced without alteration, except that character-encoding errors in some source texts have been repaired. The European Commission has not approved, endorsed or verified these modifications. To request removal of any of this material, contact us. Request removal
- Anthropic Economic Index (labor_market_impacts) is used under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Data: Anthropic Economic Index — labor_market_impacts, CC-BY, https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex View terms
- AI Changing Work uses Anthropic Economic Index data under CC-BY; Anthropic does not endorse or sponsor this site or its analyses.
- The OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric is used under the MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI. View terms
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections 2025-35 are a work of the U.S. federal government and are in the public domain (17 U.S.C. 105).
Task-level exposure
This page includes information from the O*NET® 20.1 Database, O*NET® 27.2 Database and O*NET® 30.2 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. AI Changing Work has modified some of this information (Korean translations of task statements). USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Observation data: Anthropic Economic Index (CC BY 4.0).
Prediction data: Eloundou et al., "GPTs are GPTs" (2023) — task labelset on the O*NET 27.2 basis.
MIT License · Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
MIT License — OpenAI GPTs-are-GPTs
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
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SOFTWARE.
Country Labour-Market Data & Sources
AI exposure index: The ILO exposure figures on this site are reproduced without modification from "Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure" (ILO Working Paper 140, Gmyrek et al., 2025, © ILO 2025), published by the International Labour Organization under CC BY 4.0. AI Changing Work performs the mapping of ISCO-08 4-digit unit-group values onto this site's occupations; the ILO's figures themselves are unmodified. ILO Working Paper 140
Gmyrek, P., Berg, J., Kamiński, K., Konopczyński, F., Ładna, A., Nafradi, B., Rosłaniec, K., Troszyński, M. Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2025. © ILO.
AI Changing Work uses ILO material (the Working Paper 140 exposure index) under CC BY 4.0; the ILO does not endorse or sponsor this site or its analyses.
International Labour Organization (ILO) — ISCO-08 Structure
Korean occupation titles are quoted verbatim from the KSCO 8th – ISCO-08 Correspondence Table, published by the Korea Data Agency (Statistical Classification Portal) and released under KOGL Type 3 (Attribution – No Derivatives). Source: https://kssc.mods.go.kr. No modifications were made. Not endorsed by, and not affiliated with, the Korea Data Agency.
The KSCO–KECO correspondences shown here are based on the crosswalk in Appendix 4 of the "Korean Employment and Occupational Classification (KECO) 2025 Explanatory Manual" (Ministry of Employment and Labor & Korea Employment Information Service, 2025-04-25), displayed without modification. KECO codes and titles follow Ministry of Employment and Labor Notification No. 2024-63 (KECO 2025).
Korean wages & job outlook: The Korean per-occupation occupation titles, wage levels (lower / average / upper), job outlook, job satisfaction, duties, related occupations, work abilities, knowledge, work environment, personality, interests, work values, work activities (importance and level), related majors, related certifications, and how-to-enter information on this site use 'Worknet Occupational Information (KNOW)', created by the Korea Employment Information Service and opened under KOGL Type 4 (Source Indication – Commercial Use Prohibited – No Derivative Works). The work is available free of charge from the Open Data Portal (data.go.kr). Text is reproduced verbatim and figures are unchanged in value (wages are abbreviated with K for 10 million KRW), and this site uses the data on a non-commercial basis. Which KNOW occupation appears on which occupation page of this site is determined by this site, not by a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service. Which items are shown may differ from one occupation page to another. (Retrieved: 2026-08-17)
French occupational information & labour-market statistics: The French occupation titles, role definitions and competencies on this site use ROME 4.0 (v4.61), opened by France Travail under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0; the wage and hiring-tension statistics use the France Travail "Marché du travail" API (which states compliance with the Etalab licence 2.0). The source data is available free of charge from data.gouv.fr and the France Travail developer portal. The figures are displayed without modification. (Source last updated: ROME 4.0 v4.61 2026-06-15 · Marché du travail API 2026-06-12 / retrieved: 2026-08-17) France Travail does not endorse or sponsor this site.
Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1
This dataset includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: O*NET-SOC codes and titles are reproduced unchanged and paired with KSCO-8 unit groups by AI Changing Work's judgment; relation labels, statuses and the ACW-KR-* nodes are AI Changing Work's additions. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
KSCO 코드·명칭: 한국표준직업분류(제8차 개정) — 통계청 고시 제2024-328호 (2024-07-01 고시, 2025-01-01 시행). 저작권법 제7조 제2호의 고시 항목이다. 명칭 표기(가운뎃점·띄어쓰기)는 해설서 2차 정오 반영판의 표기를 따랐으며, 고시 항목표와는 18개 명칭에서 가운뎃점 글리프나 띄어쓰기만 다르다. 통계청은 2025년 10월 국가데이터처로 개편되었다. 이 표는 통계청·국가데이터처의 공식 연계표가 아니다.
Occupation master (O*NET® 31.0 Database)
This page includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: O*NET-SOC codes and titles are reproduced in English without change; any Korean occupation titles shown on the Korean-language page are AI Changing Work's translations; the occupations with AI Changing Work codes are AI Changing Work's additions and are not part of the O*NET-SOC taxonomy. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
AI exposure figures on these pages are published by third parties and credited on this page: the OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric (MIT License) and the Anthropic Economic Index (CC-BY); ILO Working Paper 140 (CC BY 4.0); and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics AI exposure categories (public domain). ILO values, published for ISCO-08 unit groups, are linked to O*NET occupations by applying the ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC crosswalk and the 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC crosswalk of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (public domain) as published, without case-by-case selection; many of their matches are partial. Values published per SOC code are shown on every O*NET occupation with that code. Task statements of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupations in the task tables are linked to O*NET occupations by applying the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 Crosswalk of USDOL/ETA (CC BY 4.0) as published, without case-by-case selection.
ISCO-08 unit group titles and texts from the International Labour Organization and ESCO occupations from the European Commission are also shown on these pages and are credited under Licenses on this page. The ISCO-08 unit groups shown with ILO texts are linked to O*NET occupations by the same U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks. The ESCO occupations shown are linked to O*NET occupations by the ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk, version 1 (September 2022), which pairs O*NET-SOC 2019 with ESCO v1.1.0, by the European Commission (ESCO Secretariat) and the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (© European Union; reused under the European Commission reuse policy, CC BY 4.0). AI Changing Work has modified this material: match types are shown in AI Changing Work's wording; ESCO occupations are shown with the titles and descriptions of the ESCO records credited under Licenses on this page, not with those in the crosswalk, and these can differ from the ESCO v1.1.0 titles and descriptions the crosswalk was made with; and some matches, including matches to ESCO occupations not among those records, are left out. Where none of that crosswalk's matches for an O*NET occupation is shown, ESCO occupations are shown instead under the ISCO-08 unit groups linked to it by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks; these are not matched to it one by one. Neither the European Commission nor the U.S. Department of Labor has approved, endorsed or verified these modifications.