Chief Executives
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-1011.00
Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.033
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.23–0.38· 3 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 1112Senior Government Officials0.38
- ISCO-08 1113Traditional Chiefs and Heads of Villages0.23
- ISCO-08 1120Managing Directors and Chief Executives0.38
Task-level exposure
Show 21 hidden tasks31 rated tasks · 25 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (80.6%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Analyze operations to evaluate performance of a company or its staff in meeting objectives or to determine areas of potential cost reduction, program improvement, or policy change.11-1011.00 | 0.286278.5 | 0.138582.3 |
Interpret and explain policies, rules, regulations, or laws to organizations, government or corporate officials, or individuals.11-1011.00 | 0.041111.3 | 0.00603.6 |
Confer with board members, organization officials, or staff members to discuss issues, coordinate activities, or resolve problems.11-1011.00 | 0.02426.6 | 0.01337.9 |
Direct or coordinate activities of businesses involved with buying or selling investment products or financial services.11-1011.00 | 0.00421.2 | 0.00412.4 |
Direct or coordinate an organization's financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.11-1011.00 | 0.00310.9 | —0 |
Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity.11-1011.00 | 0.00240.7 | 0.00291.7 |
Coordinate the development or implementation of budgetary control systems, recordkeeping systems, or other administrative control processes.11-1011.00 | 0.00190.5 | —0 |
Prepare or present reports concerning activities, expenses, budgets, government statutes or rulings, or other items affecting businesses or program services.11-1011.00 | 0.00160.4 | —0 |
Serve as liaisons between organizations, shareholders, and outside organizations. | —0 | 0.00201.2 |
Direct or conduct studies or research on issues affecting areas of responsibility. | —0 | 0.00150.9 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Review reports submitted by staff members to recommend approval or to suggest changes.O*NET Task ID 8830 | 1.0 |
Deliver speeches, write articles, or present information at meetings or conventions to promote services, exchange ideas, or accomplish objectives.O*NET Task ID 8839 | 1.0 |
Nominate citizens to boards or commissions.O*NET Task ID 8842 | 1.0 |
Direct or coordinate an organization's financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.O*NET Task ID 8823 | 0.5 |
Analyze operations to evaluate performance of a company or its staff in meeting objectives or to determine areas of potential cost reduction, program improvement, or policy change.O*NET Task ID 8825 | 0.5 |
Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity.O*NET Task ID 8826 | 0.5 |
Prepare budgets for approval, including those for funding or implementation of programs.O*NET Task ID 8827 | 0.5 |
Direct or coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.O*NET Task ID 8828 | 0.5 |
Negotiate or approve contracts or agreements with suppliers, distributors, federal or state agencies, or other organizational entities.O*NET Task ID 8829 | 0.5 |
Direct human resources activities, including the approval of human resource plans or activities, the selection of directors or other high-level staff, or establishment or organization of major departments.O*NET Task ID 8832 | 0.5 |
Prepare or present reports concerning activities, expenses, budgets, government statutes or rulings, or other items affecting businesses or program services.O*NET Task ID 8834 | 0.5 |
Establish departmental responsibilities and coordinate functions among departments and sites.O*NET Task ID 8835 | 0.5 |
Implement corrective action plans to solve organizational or departmental problems.O*NET Task ID 8836 | 0.5 |
Coordinate the development or implementation of budgetary control systems, recordkeeping systems, or other administrative control processes.O*NET Task ID 8837 | 0.5 |
Direct non-merchandising departments, such as advertising, purchasing, credit, or accounting.O*NET Task ID 8838 | 0.5 |
Serve as liaisons between organizations, shareholders, and outside organizations.O*NET Task ID 8840 | 0.5 |
Interpret and explain policies, rules, regulations, or laws to organizations, government or corporate officials, or individuals.O*NET Task ID 8843 | 0.5 |
Make presentations to legislative or other government committees regarding policies, programs, or budgets.O*NET Task ID 8844 | 0.5 |
Administer programs for selection of sites, construction of buildings, or provision of equipment or supplies.O*NET Task ID 8846 | 0.5 |
Direct or coordinate activities of businesses involved with buying or selling investment products or financial services.O*NET Task ID 8847 | 0.5 |
Direct or conduct studies or research on issues affecting areas of responsibility.O*NET Task ID 8848 | 0.5 |
Organize or approve promotional campaigns.O*NET Task ID 8850 | 0.5 |
Conduct or direct investigations or hearings to resolve complaints or violations of laws, or testify at such hearings.O*NET Task ID 8851 | 0.5 |
Prepare bylaws approved by elected officials, and ensure that bylaws are enforced.O*NET Task ID 8853 | 0.5 |
Review and analyze legislation, laws, or public policy and recommend changes to promote or support interests of the general population or special groups.O*NET Task ID 20461 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (31)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Direct or coordinate an organization's financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency. | Core |
| Confer with board members, organization officials, or staff members to discuss issues, coordinate activities, or resolve problems. | Core |
| Analyze operations to evaluate performance of a company or its staff in meeting objectives or to determine areas of potential cost reduction, program improvement, or policy change. | Core |
| Direct, plan, or implement policies, objectives, or activities of organizations or businesses to ensure continuing operations, to maximize returns on investments, or to increase productivity. | Core |
| Prepare budgets for approval, including those for funding or implementation of programs. | Core |
| Direct or coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products. | Core |
| Negotiate or approve contracts or agreements with suppliers, distributors, federal or state agencies, or other organizational entities. | Core |
| Review reports submitted by staff members to recommend approval or to suggest changes. | Core |
| Appoint department heads or managers and assign or delegate responsibilities to them. | Core |
| Direct human resources activities, including the approval of human resource plans or activities, the selection of directors or other high-level staff, or establishment or organization of major departments. | Core |
| Preside over, or serve on, boards of directors, management committees, or other governing boards. | Core |
| Prepare or present reports concerning activities, expenses, budgets, government statutes or rulings, or other items affecting businesses or program services. | Core |
| Establish departmental responsibilities and coordinate functions among departments and sites. | Core |
| Implement corrective action plans to solve organizational or departmental problems. | Core |
| Coordinate the development or implementation of budgetary control systems, recordkeeping systems, or other administrative control processes. | Core |
| Deliver speeches, write articles, or present information at meetings or conventions to promote services, exchange ideas, or accomplish objectives. | Core |
| Serve as liaisons between organizations, shareholders, and outside organizations. | Core |
| Interpret and explain policies, rules, regulations, or laws to organizations, government or corporate officials, or individuals. | Core |
| Attend and participate in meetings of municipal councils or council committees. | Core |
| Organize or approve promotional campaigns. | Core |
| Direct non-merchandising departments, such as advertising, purchasing, credit, or accounting. | Supplemental |
| Nominate citizens to boards or commissions. | Supplemental |
| Make presentations to legislative or other government committees regarding policies, programs, or budgets. | Supplemental |
| Refer major policy matters to elected representatives for final decisions. | Supplemental |
| Administer programs for selection of sites, construction of buildings, or provision of equipment or supplies. | Supplemental |
| Direct or coordinate activities of businesses involved with buying or selling investment products or financial services. | Supplemental |
| Direct or conduct studies or research on issues affecting areas of responsibility. | Supplemental |
| Conduct or direct investigations or hearings to resolve complaints or violations of laws, or testify at such hearings. | Supplemental |
| Represent organizations or promote their objectives at official functions, or delegate representatives to do so. | Supplemental |
| Prepare bylaws approved by elected officials, and ensure that bylaws are enforced. | Supplemental |
| Review and analyze legislation, laws, or public policy and recommend changes to promote or support interests of the general population or special groups. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 11-1011 group (Chief executives), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 292K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 301K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.2%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $213,990
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11121 | 중앙정부 고위 공무원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 11122 | 지방정부 고위 공무원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 11123 | 정당 및 특수 단체 임원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 11201 | 기업 대표이사 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 11202 | 기업 고위 임원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 15901 | 회원 단체 관련 관리자 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1112Senior Government Officials
- ISCO-08 1113Traditional Chiefs and Heads of Villages
- ISCO-08 1120Managing Directors and Chief Executives
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- chief executive officerESCO 1120.3Same scope
Chief executive officers hold the highest ranking in a pyramidal corporate structure. They are able to hold a complete idea of the functioning of the business, its departments, risks, and stakeholders. They analyse different kinds of information and create links among them for decision-making purposes. They serve as a communication link with the board of directors for reporting and implementation of the overall strategy.
- airport chief executiveESCO 1120.3.1This occupation is broader
Airport chief executives lead a group of airport directors who are responsible for all areas of the airport. They envision and make decisions on the strategic direction of the airport based on the information provided by their team of managers.
- chief operating officerESCO 1120.4This occupation is broader
Chief operating officers are the right hand and second in command of a company's chief executive officer. They ensure that the daily operations of the company run smoothly. Chief operating officers also develop company policies, rules and goals.
- secretary generalESCO 1112.7Overlapping, not the same
Secretaries general head international governmental or nongovernmental organisations. They supervise staff, direct policy and strategy development, and function as main representative of the organisation.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| K1401 | Directeur / Directrice d'administration centrale | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K1422 | Directeur général / Directrice générale d'établissement public | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1301 | Dirigeant / Dirigeante d'entreprise privée | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1303 | Directeur / Directrice de filiale | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1302 | Responsable de Petite ou Moyenne Entreprise -PME- | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| K1405 | Préfet / Préfète | Related, not a match |
| K1423 | Directeur / Directrice de cabinet | Related, not a match |
| M1306 | Directeur / Directrice de bureau d'étude de la biodiversité | Related, not a match |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1120 | Directores generales y presidentes ejecutivos | Same scope |
| 1112 | Personal directivo de la Administración Pública | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 71104 | Geschäftsführer/innen und Vorstände - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Same scope |
| 73294 | Führungskräfte - Verwaltung | Related, not a match |
| 92394 | Führungskräfte - Verlags- und Medienwirtschaft | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 021 | 会社役員 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 022 | 独立行政法人等役員 | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 012 | 管理的国家公務員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 013 | 管理的地方公務員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 029 | その他の法人・団体役員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources