Advertising and Promotions Managers
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-2011.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate advertising policies and programs or produce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, coupons, or giveaways, to create extra interest in the purchase of a product or service for a department, an entire organization, or on an account basis.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.173
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.39
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only30 rated tasks · 28 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (93.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Develop communications materials, advertisements, presentations, or public relations initiatives to promote awareness of products and services.11-2011.00 | 0.440066.7 | 0.100043.5 |
Plan and prepare advertising and promotional material to increase sales of products or services, working with customers, company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies.11-2011.00 | 0.180027.3 | 0.040017.4 |
Monitor and analyze sales promotion results to determine cost effectiveness of promotion campaigns.11-2011.00 | 0.03004.5 | 0.040017.4 |
Conduct research on consumer opinions and buying habits, and identify target audiences for products, services, or technologies.11-2011.00 | 0.01001.5 | 0.01004.3 |
Devise or evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, and questionnaires.11-2011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.02008.7 |
Plan and execute advertising policies and strategies for organizations.11-2011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Analyze marketing or sales trends to forecast future conditions.11-2011.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Analyze the effectiveness of marketing tactics or channels. | —0 | 0.02008.7 |
Inspect layouts and advertising copy, and edit scripts, audio, video, and other promotional material for adherence to specifications. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Contact organizations to explain services and facilities offered. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 20 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Prepare budgets and submit estimates for program costs as part of campaign plan development. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate activities of departments, such as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research. | —0 | —0 |
Identify and develop contacts for promotional campaigns and industry programs that meet identified buyer targets, such as dealers, distributors, or consumers. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with department heads or staff to discuss topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or product to be advertised. | —0 | —0 |
Read trade journals and professional literature to stay informed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect media planning. | —0 | —0 |
Direct, motivate, and monitor the mobilization of a campaign team to advance campaign goals. | —0 | —0 |
Track program budgets, expenses, and campaign response rates to evaluate each campaign, based on program objectives and industry norms. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate with the media to disseminate advertising. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare and negotiate advertising and sales contracts. | —0 | —0 |
Formulate plans to extend business with established accounts and to transact business as agent for advertising accounts. | —0 | —0 |
Provide presentation and product demonstration support during the introduction of new products and services to field staff and customers. | —0 | —0 |
Assemble and communicate with a strong, diverse coalition of organizations or public figures, securing their cooperation, support, and action, to further campaign goals. | —0 | —0 |
Train and direct workers engaged in developing and producing advertisements. | —0 | —0 |
Direct and coordinate product research and development. | —0 | —0 |
Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products. | —0 | —0 |
Manage sales team, including setting goals, providing incentives, and evaluating employee performance. | —0 | —0 |
Attend or participate in conferences, community events, and promotional events related to products or technologies. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate with marketing team members, graphic artists, and other workers to develop and implement marketing programs. | —0 | —0 |
Develop comprehensive marketing strategies, using knowledge of products and technologies, markets, and regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Maintain portfolios of marketing campaigns, strategies, and other marketing products or ideas. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare budgets and submit estimates for program costs as part of campaign plan development.O*NET Task ID 3223 | 0.5 |
Plan and prepare advertising and promotional material to increase sales of products or services, working with customers, company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies.O*NET Task ID 3224 | 0.5 |
Inspect layouts and advertising copy, and edit scripts, audio, video, and other promotional material for adherence to specifications.O*NET Task ID 3226 | 0.5 |
Coordinate activities of departments, such as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research.O*NET Task ID 3227 | 0.5 |
Prepare and negotiate advertising and sales contracts.O*NET Task ID 3228 | 0.5 |
Identify and develop contacts for promotional campaigns and industry programs that meet identified buyer targets, such as dealers, distributors, or consumers.O*NET Task ID 3229 | 0.5 |
Confer with department heads or staff to discuss topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or product to be advertised.O*NET Task ID 3231 | 0.5 |
Monitor and analyze sales promotion results to determine cost effectiveness of promotion campaigns.O*NET Task ID 3233 | 0.5 |
Read trade journals and professional literature to stay informed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect media planning.O*NET Task ID 3234 | 0.5 |
Formulate plans to extend business with established accounts and to transact business as agent for advertising accounts.O*NET Task ID 3235 | 0.5 |
Provide presentation and product demonstration support during the introduction of new products and services to field staff and customers.O*NET Task ID 3236 | 0.5 |
Direct, motivate, and monitor the mobilization of a campaign team to advance campaign goals.O*NET Task ID 3237 | 0.5 |
Plan and execute advertising policies and strategies for organizations.O*NET Task ID 3238 | 0.5 |
Track program budgets, expenses, and campaign response rates to evaluate each campaign, based on program objectives and industry norms.O*NET Task ID 3239 | 0.5 |
Assemble and communicate with a strong, diverse coalition of organizations or public figures, securing their cooperation, support, and action, to further campaign goals.O*NET Task ID 3240 | 0.5 |
Train and direct workers engaged in developing and producing advertisements.O*NET Task ID 3241 | 0.5 |
Coordinate with the media to disseminate advertising.O*NET Task ID 3242 | 0.5 |
Contact organizations to explain services and facilities offered.O*NET Task ID 3243 | 0.5 |
Direct and coordinate product research and development.O*NET Task ID 3244 | 0.5 |
Manage sales team, including setting goals, providing incentives, and evaluating employee performance.O*NET Task ID 18586 | 0.5 |
Analyze marketing or sales trends to forecast future conditions.O*NET Task ID 21217 | 0.5 |
Analyze the effectiveness of marketing tactics or channels.O*NET Task ID 21218 | 0.5 |
Conduct research on consumer opinions and buying habits, and identify target audiences for products, services, or technologies.O*NET Task ID 21220 | 0.5 |
Coordinate with marketing team members, graphic artists, and other workers to develop and implement marketing programs.O*NET Task ID 21221 | 0.5 |
Develop communications materials, advertisements, presentations, or public relations initiatives to promote awareness of products and services.O*NET Task ID 21222 | 0.5 |
Develop comprehensive marketing strategies, using knowledge of products and technologies, markets, and regulations.O*NET Task ID 21223 | 0.5 |
Devise or evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, and questionnaires.O*NET Task ID 21224 | 0.5 |
Maintain portfolios of marketing campaigns, strategies, and other marketing products or ideas.O*NET Task ID 21225 | 0.5 |
Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products.O*NET Task ID 3245 | 0.0 |
Attend or participate in conferences, community events, and promotional events related to products or technologies.O*NET Task ID 21219 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (30)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Prepare budgets and submit estimates for program costs as part of campaign plan development. | Core |
| Plan and prepare advertising and promotional material to increase sales of products or services, working with customers, company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies. | Core |
| Inspect layouts and advertising copy, and edit scripts, audio, video, and other promotional material for adherence to specifications. | Core |
| Coordinate activities of departments, such as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research. | Core |
| Prepare and negotiate advertising and sales contracts. | Core |
| Confer with department heads or staff to discuss topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or product to be advertised. | Core |
| Monitor and analyze sales promotion results to determine cost effectiveness of promotion campaigns. | Core |
| Read trade journals and professional literature to stay informed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect media planning. | Core |
| Direct, motivate, and monitor the mobilization of a campaign team to advance campaign goals. | Core |
| Track program budgets, expenses, and campaign response rates to evaluate each campaign, based on program objectives and industry norms. | Core |
| Coordinate with the media to disseminate advertising. | Core |
| Contact organizations to explain services and facilities offered. | Core |
| Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products. | Core |
| Analyze marketing or sales trends to forecast future conditions. | Core |
| Analyze the effectiveness of marketing tactics or channels. | Core |
| Attend or participate in conferences, community events, and promotional events related to products or technologies. | Core |
| Conduct research on consumer opinions and buying habits, and identify target audiences for products, services, or technologies. | Core |
| Coordinate with marketing team members, graphic artists, and other workers to develop and implement marketing programs. | Core |
| Develop communications materials, advertisements, presentations, or public relations initiatives to promote awareness of products and services. | Core |
| Develop comprehensive marketing strategies, using knowledge of products and technologies, markets, and regulations. | Core |
| Devise or evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, and questionnaires. | Core |
| Maintain portfolios of marketing campaigns, strategies, and other marketing products or ideas. | Core |
| Identify and develop contacts for promotional campaigns and industry programs that meet identified buyer targets, such as dealers, distributors, or consumers. | Supplemental |
| Formulate plans to extend business with established accounts and to transact business as agent for advertising accounts. | Supplemental |
| Provide presentation and product demonstration support during the introduction of new products and services to field staff and customers. | Supplemental |
| Plan and execute advertising policies and strategies for organizations. | Supplemental |
| Assemble and communicate with a strong, diverse coalition of organizations or public figures, securing their cooperation, support, and action, to further campaign goals. | Supplemental |
| Train and direct workers engaged in developing and producing advertisements. | Supplemental |
| Direct and coordinate product research and development. | Supplemental |
| Manage sales team, including setting goals, providing incentives, and evaluating employee performance. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 33K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 32K
- Change (2025–35)
- -3.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $133,660
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12202 | 광고 및 홍보 관리자 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
| 28331 | 광고 전문가 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1222Advertising and Public Relations Managers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Advertising and public relations managers plan, direct and coordinate the advertising, public relations and public information activities of enterprises and organizations or of enterprises that provide related services to other enterprises and organizations.
Tasks
- (a) planning, directing and coordinating the advertising and public relations activities of an enterprise or organization;
- (b) negotiating advertising contracts with clients or with newspapers, radio and television stations, sports and cultural organizations and advertising agencies;
- (c) planning and managing information programmes to inform legislators, the mass media and the general public about the plans, accomplishments and points of view of the enterprise or organization;
- (d) leading and managing the activities of advertising and public relations staff;
- (e) establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;
- (f) establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
- (g) planning and directing daily operations;
- (h) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Example occupations
Advertising manager · Public relations manager
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- promotion managerESCO 1221.3.3Same scope
Promotion managers plan and implement the implementation of promotional programs in the point-of-sale of products. They coordinate all efforts from personnel, below-the-line (BTL) advertising material, and conventional advertising efforts in order to raise awareness of a specific promotion.
- advertising managerESCO 1222.1.1Overlapping, not the same
Advertising managers perform the implementation of the advertising initiatives planned in the strategic marketing plan. They organise and prepare the resources needed to launch advertising campaigns and operations in advertising agencies. They prepare and align the communication channels, negotiate contracts, and ensure that operations adhere to budgets.
- advertising specialistESCO 2431.3Overlapping, not the same
Advertising specialists provide advice to companies and organisations about the development of their advertising strategies and on advertising-related topics covering a more general strategic approach. They combine knowledge of marketing, budgets, and psychology with a creative mind to develop advertising campaigns. They propose alternatives to clients that promote their organisations, products, or projects.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| E1401 | Chef / Cheffe de publicité | This occupation is broader |
| E1415 | Directeur / Directrice de la production publicitaire | This occupation is broader |
| M1706 | Chef / Cheffe de promotion des ventes | This occupation is broader |
| E1412 | Directeur / Directrice média | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| M1712 | Directeur / Directrice de l'information promotionnelle du médicament en industrie pharmaceutique | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| E1402 | Média planneur / Média planneuse | Related, not a match |
| E1404 | Assistant / Assistante en publicité | Related, not a match |
| E1408 | Responsable trafic création | Related, not a match |
| E1413 | Chef / Cheffe de projet publicitaire | Related, not a match |
| E1414 | Chargé / Chargée de diffusion publicitaire | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1714 | Chargé / Chargée de l'information promotionnelle du médicament en industrie pharmaceutique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1222 | Directores de publicidad y relaciones públicas | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 92194 | Führungskräfte - Werbung und Marketing | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 92114 | Berufe in Werbung und Marketing - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 031 | 会社管理職員 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources