Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary
Management Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 11-9032.00
Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, administrative, or auxiliary activities of kindergarten, elementary, or secondary schools.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.053
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.36
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 20 hidden tasks32 rated tasks · 26 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (81.3%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 11-9032.00 Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues.11-9032.00 | 0.050432.9 | 0.00486.5 |
Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs.11-9032.00 | 0.037524.5 | 0.00324.4 |
Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and utilization, and to ensure that school activities comply with federal, state, and local regulations.11-9032.00 | 0.023115.1 | 0.044660.7 |
Write articles, manuals, and other publications, and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about facilities and programs.11-9032.00 | 0.00986.4 | —0 |
Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques, and to determine areas where improvement is needed.11-9032.00 | 0.00855.5 | 0.016021.8 |
Coordinate and direct extracurricular activities and programs such as after-school events and athletic contests.11-9032.00 | 0.00835.4 | —0 |
Develop partnerships with businesses, communities, and other organizations to help meet identified educational needs and to provide school-to-work programs.11-9032.00 | 0.00603.9 | 0.00162.2 |
Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and data on demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum change needs.11-9032.00 | 0.00392.5 | 0.00334.5 |
Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records.11-9032.00 | 0.00241.6 | —0 |
Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.11-9032.00 | 0.00171.1 | —0 |
Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff.11-9032.00 | 0.00171.1 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Write articles, manuals, and other publications, and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about facilities and programs.O*NET Task ID 5230 | 1.0 |
Review and approve new programs, or recommend modifications to existing programs, submitting program proposals for school board approval as necessary.O*NET Task ID 5210 | 0.5 |
Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records.O*NET Task ID 5211 | 0.5 |
Prepare and submit budget requests and recommendations, or grant proposals to solicit program funding.O*NET Task ID 5213 | 0.5 |
Direct and coordinate school maintenance services and the use of school facilities.O*NET Task ID 5214 | 0.5 |
Advocate for new schools to be built, or for existing facilities to be repaired or remodeled.O*NET Task ID 5218 | 0.5 |
Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs.O*NET Task ID 5219 | 0.5 |
Develop partnerships with businesses, communities, and other organizations to help meet identified educational needs and to provide school-to-work programs.O*NET Task ID 5220 | 0.5 |
Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions.O*NET Task ID 5221 | 0.5 |
Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations.O*NET Task ID 5222 | 0.5 |
Set educational standards and goals, and help establish policies and procedures to carry them out.O*NET Task ID 5223 | 0.5 |
Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff.O*NET Task ID 5224 | 0.5 |
Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques and to determine areas for improvement.O*NET Task ID 5226 | 0.5 |
Establish, coordinate, and oversee particular programs across school districts, such as programs to evaluate student academic achievement.O*NET Task ID 5227 | 0.5 |
Review and interpret government codes, and develop programs to ensure adherence to codes and facility safety, security, and maintenance.O*NET Task ID 5228 | 0.5 |
Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment, and authorize purchases.O*NET Task ID 5229 | 0.5 |
Recommend personnel actions related to programs and services.O*NET Task ID 5231 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives.O*NET Task ID 5232 | 0.5 |
Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and data on demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum change needs.O*NET Task ID 5233 | 0.5 |
Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements.O*NET Task ID 5234 | 0.5 |
Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff.O*NET Task ID 18587 | 0.5 |
Participate in special education-related activities, such as attending meetings and providing support to special educators throughout the district.O*NET Task ID 18588 | 0.5 |
Meet with federal, state, and local agencies to stay abreast of policies and to discuss improvements for education programs.O*NET Task ID 18589 | 0.5 |
Plan, coordinate, and oversee school logistics programs, such as bus and food services.O*NET Task ID 18590 | 0.5 |
Coordinate and direct extracurricular activities and programs, such as after-school events and athletic contests.O*NET Task ID 18591 | 0.5 |
Create school improvement plans, using student performance data.O*NET Task ID 21040 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (32)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Review and approve new programs, or recommend modifications to existing programs, submitting program proposals for school board approval as necessary. | Core |
| Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records. | Core |
| Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities, policies, and student behavior or learning problems. | Core |
| Prepare and submit budget requests and recommendations, or grant proposals to solicit program funding. | Core |
| Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues. | Core |
| Organize and direct committees of specialists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and advisory assistance for programs. | Core |
| Teach classes or courses to students. | Core |
| Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs. | Core |
| Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions. | Core |
| Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. | Core |
| Set educational standards and goals, and help establish policies and procedures to carry them out. | Core |
| Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff. | Core |
| Enforce discipline and attendance rules. | Core |
| Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques and to determine areas for improvement. | Core |
| Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment, and authorize purchases. | Core |
| Write articles, manuals, and other publications, and assist in the distribution of promotional literature about facilities and programs. | Core |
| Recommend personnel actions related to programs and services. | Core |
| Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives. | Core |
| Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements. | Core |
| Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff. | Core |
| Participate in special education-related activities, such as attending meetings and providing support to special educators throughout the district. | Core |
| Meet with federal, state, and local agencies to stay abreast of policies and to discuss improvements for education programs. | Core |
| Coordinate and direct extracurricular activities and programs, such as after-school events and athletic contests. | Core |
| Create school improvement plans, using student performance data. | Core |
| Direct and coordinate school maintenance services and the use of school facilities. | Supplemental |
| Advocate for new schools to be built, or for existing facilities to be repaired or remodeled. | Supplemental |
| Develop partnerships with businesses, communities, and other organizations to help meet identified educational needs and to provide school-to-work programs. | Supplemental |
| Establish, coordinate, and oversee particular programs across school districts, such as programs to evaluate student academic achievement. | Supplemental |
| Review and interpret government codes, and develop programs to ensure adherence to codes and facility safety, security, and maintenance. | Supplemental |
| Collect and analyze survey data, regulatory information, and data on demographic and employment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum change needs. | Supplemental |
| Plan, coordinate, and oversee school logistics programs, such as bus and food services. | Supplemental |
| Mentor and support administrative staff members, such as superintendents and principals. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 344K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 343K
- Change (2025–35)
- -0.3%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $105,870
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13122 | 중‧고등학교 교장 및 교감 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 13123 | 초등학교 교장 및 교감 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 26911 | 장학관 및 장학사 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 1345Education Managers
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Education managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the educational and administrative aspects of education services, primary and secondary schools, colleges and faculties and departments in universities and other educational institutions.
Tasks
- (a) determining educational programmes based on frameworks established by education authorities and governing bodies;
- (b) implementing systems and procedures to monitor school performance and student enrolments;
- (c) directing administrative and clerical activities concerning student admissions and educational services;
- (d) controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
- (e) providing leadership and guidance to teaching, academic and administrative staff as well as to students;
- (f) evaluating the work of teachers and lecturers by visiting classrooms, observing teaching methods, reviewing instructional objectives and examining learning materials;
- (g) promoting the educational programme, and representing the service or institution in the wider community;
- (h) supervising the maintenance of educational facilities;
- (i) developing and enforcing a disciplinary code to create a safe and conducive environment for students and teachers;
- (j) organizing and implementing methods of raising additional funds in conjunction with parent and community groups and sponsors;
- (k) controlling selection, training and supervision of staff.
Example occupations
College director · Dean (university) · Head teacher · School Principal
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- headteacherESCO 1345.1Same scope
Headteachers manage the day-to-day activities of an educational institution. They make decisions concerning admissions and are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which facilitate academic development for the students. They manage staff, working closely with the different department heads, and evaluate the subject teachers in a timely manner in order to secure optimal class performance. They also ensure the school meets the national education requirements set by law and cooperate with local communities and governments.
- deputy head teacherESCO 1345.1.2This occupation is broader
Deputy head teachers support the management duties of their school's principals and are part of the school's administrative staff. They update the head teacher on the daily operations and developments of the school. They implement and follow up on school guidelines, policies and curriculum activities introduced by the specific head teacher. They enforce school board protocol, supervise students and maintain discipline.
- nursery school head teacherESCO 1341.3This occupation is broader
Nursery school head teachers manage the day-to-day activities of a kindergarten or nursery school. They manage staff, make decisions concerning admissions and are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which are age-appropriate for kindergarten students and facilitate social and behavioural development education. They also ensure the school meets the national education requirements set by law.
- primary school head teacherESCO 1345.1.6This occupation is broader
Primary school head teachers manage the day-to-day activities of a primary school or elementary school. They manage staff, make decisions concerning admissions and are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which are age-appropriate for primary school students and facilitate social and academic development education. They also ensure the school meets the national education requirements set by law.
- secondary school head teacherESCO 1345.1.8This occupation is broader
Secondary school head teachers are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which facilitate academic development for the students. They manage staff, working closely with the different department heads, and evaluate the subject teachers in a timely manner in order to secure optimal class performance. They also ensure the school meets the national education requirements set by law and cooperate with local communities and governments. They may also work in vocational schools.
- education administratorESCO 3343.1.2Overlapping, not the same
Education administrators organise and manage the administration, support systems and (student) activities of an education institution. They perform a range of administrative, secretarial, financial and otherwise supportive tasks to enable the efficient and cost-effective running of the school. They may assist in student recruitment, alumni relations, funding, work on committees including academic boards and quality insurance.
- further education principalESCO 1345.1.4Overlapping, not the same
Further education principals manage the day-to-day activities of a post-secondary education institute, such as technical institutes and other post-secondary schools. Further education principals make decisions concerning admissions and are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which facilitate academic development for the students. They manage staff, the school's budget and programmes and oversee the communication between departments. They also ensure the school meets the national education requirements set by law.
- head of higher education institutionsESCO 1345.1.5Overlapping, not the same
Heads of higher education institutions manage the day-to-day activities of a higher education institution, such as a college or vocational school. Heads of higher education institutions make decisions concerning admissions and are responsible for meeting curriculum standards, which facilitate academic development for the students. They manage staff, the school's budget, campus programmes and oversee the communication between departments. They also ensure the institution meets the national education requirements set by law.
- secondary school department headESCO 1345.1.7Overlapping, not the same
Secondary school department heads manage and supervise their assigned departments to ensure that students are instructed and supported in a safe learning environment. They work closely with the secondary school principal to lead and assist school staff and to optimise communication between school management and teachers, parents, and other districts and schools. They facilitating meetings, develop and review curriculum programmes, observe staff when the principal delegates this work, and assume shared responsibility with the principal for financial resource management.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1217 | Intendant / Intendante d'établissement scolaire (lycée, collège...) | This occupation is broader |
| K2103 | Chef / Cheffe d'établissement d'enseignement | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K2115 | Conseiller principal / Conseillère principale d'éducation | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K2118 | Directeur / Directrice d'école primaire | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| K2117 | Inspecteur / Inspectrice de l'Education Nationale (IEN) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| K2121 | Directeur / Directrice de conservatoire musique et danse | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1326 | Directores de servicios de educación | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 84194 | Führungskräfte - Allgemeinbildende Schulen | Same scope |
| 84294 | Führungskräfte - Berufsschulen, betriebliche Ausbildung und Betriebspädagogik | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 192 | 小学校教員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 193 | 中学校教員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| 194 | 高等学校教員 | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources