Online Merchants
Business and Financial Operations Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 13-1199.06
Conduct retail activities of businesses operating exclusively online. May perform duties such as preparing business strategies, buying merchandise, managing inventory, implementing marketing activities, fulfilling and shipping online orders, and balancing financial records.
AI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.185
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.42–0.44· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2422Policy Administration Professionals0.42
- ISCO-08 3339Business Services Agents Not Elsewhere Classified0.44
AI exposure (OpenAI rubric)
34 rated tasks · 31 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (91.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks
Task statements from the O*NET® 31.0 Database, core tasks first.
| Task | Type | β (OpenAI) |
|---|---|---|
| Upload digital media, such as photos, video, or scanned images to online storefront, auction sites, or other shopping Web sites. | Core | 0.5 |
| Order or purchase merchandise to maintain optimal inventory levels. | Core | 0.5 |
| Maintain inventory of shipping supplies, such as boxes, labels, tape, bubble wrap, loose packing materials, or tape guns. | Core | 0 |
| Determine and set product prices. | Core | 0.5 |
| Disclose merchant information and terms and policies of transactions in online or offline materials. | Core | 1 |
| Deliver e-mail confirmation of completed transactions and shipment. | Core | 1 |
| Create, manage, or automate orders or invoices, using order management or invoicing software. | Core | 1 |
| Create or maintain database of customer accounts. | Core | 1 |
| Collaborate with search engine shopping specialists to place marketing content in desired online locations. | Core | 0.5 |
| Cancel orders based on customer requests or inventory or delivery problems. | Core | 0.5 |
| Promote products in online communities through weblog or discussion-forum postings, e-mail marketing programs, or online advertising. | Core | 0.5 |
| Fill customer orders by packaging sold items and documentation for direct shipping or by transferring orders to manufacturers or third-party distributors. | Core | 0 |
| Measure and analyze Web site usage data to maximize search engine returns or refine customer interfaces. | Core | 0.5 |
| Investigate products or markets to determine areas for opportunity or viability for merchandising specific products, using online or offline sources. | Core | 0.5 |
| Develop or revise business plans for online business, emphasizing factors such as product line, pricing, inventory, or marketing strategy. | Core | 0.5 |
| Determine location for product listings to maximize exposure to online traffic. | Core | 0.5 |
| Correspond with online customers via electronic mail, telephone, or other electronic messaging to address questions or complaints about products, policies, or shipping methods. | Core | 0.5 |
| Compose images of products, using video or still cameras, lighting equipment, props, or photo or video editing software. | Core | 0.5 |
| Calculate purchase subtotals, taxes, and shipping costs for submission to customers. | Core | 1 |
| Receive and process payments from customers, using electronic transaction services. | Core | 0 |
| Prepare or organize online storefront marketing material, including product descriptions or subject lines, optimizing content to search engine criteria. | Core | 1 |
| Purchase new or used items from online or physical sources for resale via retail or auction Web site. | Core | 0.5 |
| Compose descriptions of merchandise for posting to online storefront, auction sites, or other shopping Web sites. | Core | 1 |
| Calculate revenue, sales, and expenses, using financial accounting or spreadsheet software. | Core | 1 |
| Participate in online forums or conferences to stay abreast of online retailing trends, techniques, or security threats. | Supplemental | 0.5 |
| Integrate online retailing strategy with physical or catalogue retailing operations. | Supplemental | 0.5 |
| Create or distribute offline promotional material, such as brochures, pamphlets, business cards, stationary, or signage. | Supplemental | 0.5 |
| Transfer digital media, such as music, video, or software, to customers via the Internet. | Supplemental | 1 |
| Select and purchase technical web services, such as web hosting services, online merchant accounts, shopping cart software, payment gateway software, or spyware. | Supplemental | 0.5 |
| Investigate sources, such as auctions, estate sales, liquidators, wholesalers, or trade shows for new items, used items, or collectibles. | Supplemental | 0.5 |
| Initiate online auctions through auction hosting sites or auction management software. | Supplemental | 1 |
| Implement security practices to preserve assets, minimize liabilities, or ensure customer privacy, using parallel servers, hardware redundancy, fail-safe technology, information encryption, or firewalls. | Supplemental | 1 |
| Devise, select, or purchase domain name and web address. | Supplemental | 1 |
| Design customer interface of online storefront, using web programming or e-commerce software. | Supplemental | 1 |
Occupation information
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: the O*NET-SOC code, title and task statements are reproduced in English without change; task-type labels are shown in the page's language and tasks are listed core first; any Korean occupation title shown on the Korean-language page is AI Changing Work's translation; any KSCO-8 unit groups linked to this occupation were paired with it by AI Changing Work's judgment, and the relation labels and statuses are AI Changing Work's additions. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Any AI exposure figures on this page are published by third parties, not by AI Changing Work, and none is part of the O*NET information. OpenAI publishes task-level scores (MIT License) for O*NET 27.2 task statements; each is shown next to the O*NET 31.0 task statement with the same task ID, whose wording can differ from the 27.2 statement that was scored. OpenAI also publishes occupation-level scores for O*NET-SOC codes in the same release, and any such score is shown on the O*NET occupation with the same code. Anthropic publishes an observed exposure index in the Anthropic Economic Index (CC-BY), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes relative AI exposure categories (public domain); both are published per SOC code, and each value is shown on every O*NET occupation with that code. The International Labour Organization publishes a generative AI exposure index in ILO Working Paper 140 (CC BY 4.0) for ISCO-08 unit groups; AI Changing Work links those groups to O*NET occupations by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC and 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC crosswalks as published, without case-by-case selection, and these crosswalks match many groups only in part. Where several unit groups are linked, each group's published value is listed, and any summary shows only the lowest and highest of those values with the number of groups; no exposure figure is averaged or recalculated. Any employment figures are published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the SOC group containing this occupation. Each source is credited where its figures are shown.
O*NET OnLine: 13-1199.06 Online Merchants
KSCO 코드·명칭: 한국표준직업분류(제8차 개정) — 통계청 고시 제2024-328호 (2024-07-01 고시, 2025-01-01 시행). 저작권법 제7조 제2호의 고시 항목이다. 명칭 표기(가운뎃점·띄어쓰기)는 해설서 2차 정오 반영판의 표기를 따랐으며, 고시 항목표와는 18개 명칭에서 가운뎃점 글리프나 띄어쓰기만 다르다. 통계청은 2025년 10월 국가데이터처로 개편되었다. 이 페이지의 KSCO 연결은 통계청·국가데이터처의 공식 연계표가 아니다.