Computer and Information Research Scientists
Computer and Mathematical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 15-1221.00
Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.340
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.49
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Show 10 hidden tasks15 rated tasks · 13 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (86.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software.15-1221.00 | 0.050062.5 | 0.110084.6 |
Evaluate project plans and proposals to assess feasibility issues.15-1221.00 | 0.010012.5 | 0.01007.7 |
Apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology, such as adapting principles for applying computers to new uses.15-1221.00 | 0.010012.5 | 0.00000.0 |
Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.15-1221.00 | 0.010012.5 | 0.00000.0 |
Direct daily operations of departments, coordinating project activities with other departments.15-1221.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.01007.7 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software.O*NET Task ID 14623 | 1.0 |
Apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology, such as adapting principles for applying computers to new uses.O*NET Task ID 14626 | 1.0 |
Conduct logical analyses of business, scientific, engineering, and other technical problems, formulating mathematical models of problems for solution by computers.O*NET Task ID 14629 | 1.0 |
Develop performance standards, and evaluate work in light of established standards.O*NET Task ID 14632 | 1.0 |
Design computers and the software that runs them.O*NET Task ID 14633 | 1.0 |
Assign or schedule tasks to meet work priorities and goals.O*NET Task ID 14624 | 0.5 |
Evaluate project plans and proposals to assess feasibility issues.O*NET Task ID 14625 | 0.5 |
Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to determine computing needs and system requirements.O*NET Task ID 14627 | 0.5 |
Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.O*NET Task ID 14630 | 0.5 |
Maintain network hardware and software, direct network security measures, and monitor networks to ensure availability to system users.O*NET Task ID 14634 | 0.5 |
Participate in multidisciplinary projects in areas such as virtual reality, human-computer interaction, or robotics.O*NET Task ID 14635 | 0.5 |
Approve, prepare, monitor, and adjust operational budgets.O*NET Task ID 14636 | 0.5 |
Direct daily operations of departments, coordinating project activities with other departments.O*NET Task ID 14637 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (15)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software. | Core |
| Assign or schedule tasks to meet work priorities and goals. | Core |
| Evaluate project plans and proposals to assess feasibility issues. | Core |
| Apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology, such as adapting principles for applying computers to new uses. | Core |
| Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to determine computing needs and system requirements. | Core |
| Meet with managers, vendors, and others to solicit cooperation and resolve problems. | Core |
| Conduct logical analyses of business, scientific, engineering, and other technical problems, formulating mathematical models of problems for solution by computers. | Core |
| Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. | Core |
| Develop performance standards, and evaluate work in light of established standards. | Core |
| Design computers and the software that runs them. | Core |
| Participate in multidisciplinary projects in areas such as virtual reality, human-computer interaction, or robotics. | Core |
| Participate in staffing decisions and direct training of subordinates. | Supplemental |
| Maintain network hardware and software, direct network security measures, and monitor networks to ensure availability to system users. | Supplemental |
| Approve, prepare, monitor, and adjust operational budgets. | Supplemental |
| Direct daily operations of departments, coordinating project activities with other departments. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 39K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 47K
- Change (2025–35)
- +21.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $140,300
- Typical education needed for entry
- Master's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22299 | 그 외 컴퓨터 시스템 및 소프트웨어 전문가 | Related, not a match | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2511Systems Analysts
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Systems analysts conduct research, analyse and evaluate client information technology requirements, procedures or problems, and develop and implement proposals, recommendations and plans to improve current or future information systems.
Tasks
- (a) consulting with users to formulate and document requirements and with management to ensure agreement on systems principles;
- (b) identifying and analysing business processes, procedures and work practices;
- (c) identifying and evaluating inefficiencies and recommending optimal business practices and system functionality and behaviour;
- (d) taking responsibility for deploying functional solutions, such as creating, adopting and implementing system test plans;
- (e) developing functional specifications for use by systems developers;
- (f) expanding or modifying systems to improve workflow or serve new purposes;
- (g) coordinating and linking the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility.
Example occupations
Business analyst (IT) · Computer scientist · Information systems analyst · Systems consultant · Systems designer (IT)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- computer scientistESCO 2511.1Same scope
Computer scientists conduct research in computer and information science, directed toward greater knowledge and understanding of fundamental aspects of ICT phenomena. They write research reports and proposals. Computer scientists also invent and design new approaches to computing technology, find innovative uses for existing technology and studies and solve complex problems in computing.
- ICT research consultantESCO 2511.11Overlapping, not the same
ICT research consultants perform targeted ICT research and provide a final report to the client. They also use ICT tools to design questionnaires for surveys, analyse the results, write reports, present the results and make recommendations based on the research findings.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1836 | Ingénieur concepteur / Ingénieure conceptrice informatique | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| K2402 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de recherche scientifique | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1873 | Spécialiste IA embarquée | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1889 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure en Intelligence Artificielle (IA) | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2711 | Analistas de sistemas | Related, not a match |
| 2712 | Analistas y diseñadores de software | Related, not a match |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 43104 | Berufe in der Informatik (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 051 | 自然科学系研究者 | This occupation is narrower |
| 198 | 大学教員 | Related, not a match |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources