Database Architects
Computer and Mathematical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 15-1243.00
Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.579
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.49–0.57· 3 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2519Software and Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified0.55
- ISCO-08 2521Database Designers and Administrators0.57
- ISCO-08 2529Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.49
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 25 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (100.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Provide technical support to junior staff or clients.15-1243.00 | 0.040040.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Develop and document database architectures.15-1243.00 | 0.020020.0 | 0.010033.3 |
Write and code logical and physical database descriptions, and specify identifiers of database to management system or direct others in coding descriptions.15-1243.00 | 0.020020.0 | 0.010033.3 |
Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance, and reliability.15-1243.00 | 0.010010.0 | 0.010033.3 |
Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure.15-1243.00 | 0.010010.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Identify and correct deviations from database development standards.15-1243.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Develop data model describing data elements and their use, following procedures and using pen, template or computer software.15-1243.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Identify, evaluate and recommend hardware or software technologies to achieve desired database performance.15-1243.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Document and communicate database schemas, using accepted notations.15-1243.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures.15-1243.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Develop or maintain archived procedures, procedural codes, or queries for applications. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Develop methods for integrating different products so they work properly together, such as customizing commercial databases to fit specific needs. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 13 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Set up database clusters, backup, or recovery processes. | —0 | —0 |
Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance. | —0 | —0 |
Develop load-balancing processes to eliminate down time for backup processes. | —0 | —0 |
Demonstrate database technical functionality, such as performance, security and reliability. | —0 | —0 |
Create and enforce database development standards. | —0 | —0 |
Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements. | —0 | —0 |
Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements. | —0 | —0 |
Establish and calculate optimum values for database parameters, using manuals and calculators. | —0 | —0 |
Identify and evaluate industry trends in database systems to serve as a source of information and advice for upper management. | —0 | —0 |
Review project requests describing database user needs to estimate time and cost required to accomplish project. | —0 | —0 |
Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications. | —0 | —0 |
Work as part of a project team to coordinate database development and determine project scope and limitations. | —0 | —0 |
Train users and answer questions. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Provide technical support to junior staff or clients.O*NET Task ID 16099 | 1.0 |
Set up database clusters, backup, or recovery processes.O*NET Task ID 16100 | 1.0 |
Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance.O*NET Task ID 16102 | 1.0 |
Identify and correct deviations from database development standards.O*NET Task ID 16104 | 1.0 |
Document and communicate database schemas, using accepted notations.O*NET Task ID 16105 | 1.0 |
Develop or maintain archived procedures, procedural codes, or queries for applications.O*NET Task ID 16106 | 1.0 |
Develop load-balancing processes to eliminate down time for backup processes.O*NET Task ID 16107 | 1.0 |
Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures.O*NET Task ID 16108 | 1.0 |
Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance, and reliability.O*NET Task ID 16109 | 1.0 |
Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure.O*NET Task ID 16110 | 1.0 |
Demonstrate database technical functionality, such as performance, security and reliability.O*NET Task ID 16111 | 1.0 |
Create and enforce database development standards.O*NET Task ID 16112 | 1.0 |
Develop and document database architectures.O*NET Task ID 16115 | 1.0 |
Develop data model describing data elements and their use, following procedures and using pen, template or computer software.O*NET Task ID 21652 | 1.0 |
Develop methods for integrating different products so they work properly together, such as customizing commercial databases to fit specific needs.O*NET Task ID 21653 | 1.0 |
Establish and calculate optimum values for database parameters, using manuals and calculator.O*NET Task ID 21654 | 1.0 |
Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications.O*NET Task ID 21657 | 1.0 |
Write and code logical and physical database descriptions, and specify identifiers of database to management system or direct others in coding descriptions.O*NET Task ID 21660 | 1.0 |
Identify, evaluate and recommend hardware or software technologies to achieve desired database performance.O*NET Task ID 16101 | 0.5 |
Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements.O*NET Task ID 16113 | 0.5 |
Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements.O*NET Task ID 16114 | 0.5 |
Identify and evaluate industry trends in database systems to serve as a source of information and advice for upper management.O*NET Task ID 21655 | 0.5 |
Review project requests describing database user needs to estimate time and cost required to accomplish project.O*NET Task ID 21656 | 0.5 |
Train users and answer questions.O*NET Task ID 21658 | 0.5 |
Work as part of a project team to coordinate database development and determine project scope and limitations.O*NET Task ID 21659 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Provide technical support to junior staff or clients. | Core |
| Set up database clusters, backup, or recovery processes. | Core |
| Identify, evaluate and recommend hardware or software technologies to achieve desired database performance. | Core |
| Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance. | Core |
| Identify and correct deviations from database development standards. | Core |
| Document and communicate database schemas, using accepted notations. | Core |
| Develop or maintain archived procedures, procedural codes, or queries for applications. | Core |
| Develop load-balancing processes to eliminate down time for backup processes. | Core |
| Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures. | Core |
| Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance, and reliability. | Core |
| Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure. | Core |
| Demonstrate database technical functionality, such as performance, security and reliability. | Core |
| Create and enforce database development standards. | Core |
| Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements. | Core |
| Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements. | Core |
| Develop and document database architectures. | Core |
| Develop data model describing data elements and their use, following procedures and using pen, template or computer software. | Core |
| Develop methods for integrating different products so they work properly together, such as customizing commercial databases to fit specific needs. | Core |
| Establish and calculate optimum values for database parameters, using manuals and calculators. | Core |
| Identify and evaluate industry trends in database systems to serve as a source of information and advice for upper management. | Core |
| Review project requests describing database user needs to estimate time and cost required to accomplish project. | Core |
| Test programs or databases, correct errors, and make necessary modifications. | Core |
| Work as part of a project team to coordinate database development and determine project scope and limitations. | Core |
| Write and code logical and physical database descriptions, and specify identifiers of database to management system or direct others in coding descriptions. | Core |
| Train users and answer questions. | Supplemental |
0.00/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
None of this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks is classified as a physical task.
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 15-1243 group (Database architects), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 70K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 76K
- Change (2025–35)
- +9.4%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $139,500
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22411 | 데이터 설계 및 프로그래머 | This occupation is narrower | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2519Software and Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified
- ISCO-08 2521Database Designers and Administrators
- ISCO-08 2529Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- data warehouse designerESCO 2521.5This occupation is broader
Data warehouse designers are responsible for planning, connecting, designing, scheduling, and deploying data warehouse systems. They develop, monitor and maintain ETL processes, reporting applications and data warehouse design.
- database administratorESCO 2521.1This occupation is broader
Database administrators test, implement and administer computer databases. They use their expertise in database management systems to plan, coordinate and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases. They also use scripts and configuration files to tailor a database to users' needs.
- database designerESCO 2521.2This occupation is broader
Database designers specify the database's logical structure, processes, and information flows. They design data models and databases to serve data acquisition.
- database integratorESCO 2521.4This occupation is broader
Database integrators perform integration among different databases. They maintain integration and ensure interoperability.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| M1868 | Architecte base de données | Same scopeprovisional |
| M1811 | Data engineer | Overlapping, not the sameprovisional |
| M1894 | Gestionnaire de base de données | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2721 | Diseñadores y administradores de bases de datos | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 43353 | Berufe in der Datenbankentwicklung und -administration - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | This occupation is narrower |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 102 | システム設計者 | This occupation is narrower |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources