Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
Architecture and Engineering Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 17-2072.00
Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.100
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.42–0.48· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2152Electronics Engineers0.42
- ISCO-08 2153Telecommunications Engineers0.48
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only21 rated tasks · 18 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (85.7%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Provide technical support or instruction to staff or customers regarding electronics equipment standards.17-2072.00 | 0.120066.7 | 0.010025.0 |
Prepare documentation containing information such as confidential descriptions or specifications of proprietary hardware or software, product development or introduction schedules, product costs, or information about product performance weaknesses.17-2072.00 | 0.020011.1 | 0.010025.0 |
Prepare necessary criteria, procedures, reports, or plans for successful conduct of the project with consideration given to site preparation, facility validation, installation, quality assurance, or testing.17-2072.00 | 0.020011.1 | 0.010025.0 |
Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications.17-2072.00 | 0.01005.6 | —0 |
Prepare, review, or maintain maintenance schedules, design documentation, or operational reports or charts.17-2072.00 | 0.01005.6 | —0 |
Plan or develop applications or modifications for electronic properties used in components, products, or systems to improve technical performance.17-2072.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Determine project material or equipment needs.17-2072.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Analyze electronics system requirements, capacity, cost, or customer needs to determine project feasibility.17-2072.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Recommend repair or design modifications of electronics components or systems, based on factors such as environment, service, cost, or system capabilities.17-2072.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Prepare budget or cost estimates for equipment, construction, or installation projects or control expenditures.17-2072.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Evaluate project work to ensure effectiveness, technical adequacy, or compatibility in the resolution of complex electronics engineering problems. | —0 | 0.010025.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 9 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, products, or systems to ensure conformance to specifications, safety standards, or applicable codes or regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Direct or coordinate activities concerned with manufacture, construction, installation, maintenance, operation, or modification of electronic equipment, products, or systems. | —0 | —0 |
Develop or perform operational, maintenance, or testing procedures for electronic products, components, equipment, or systems. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with engineers, customers, vendors, or others to discuss existing or potential electronics engineering projects or products. | —0 | —0 |
Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare engineering sketches or specifications for construction, relocation, or installation of equipment, facilities, products, or systems. | —0 | —0 |
Represent employer at conferences, meetings, boards, panels, committees, or working groups to present, explain, or defend findings or recommendations, negotiate compromises or agreements, or exchange information. | —0 | —0 |
Investigate green consumer electronics applications for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers. | —0 | —0 |
Research or develop new green electronics technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, or energy efficient televisions. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare documentation containing information such as confidential descriptions or specifications of proprietary hardware or software, product development or introduction schedules, product costs, or information about product performance weaknesses.O*NET Task ID 5348 | 1.0 |
Develop or perform operational, maintenance, or testing procedures for electronic products, components, equipment, or systems.O*NET Task ID 5350 | 1.0 |
Prepare, review, or maintain maintenance schedules, design documentation, or operational reports or charts.O*NET Task ID 5354 | 1.0 |
Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks.O*NET Task ID 20497 | 1.0 |
Recommend repair or design modifications of electronics components or systems, based on factors such as environment, service, cost, or system capabilities.O*NET Task ID 20498 | 1.0 |
Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications.O*NET Task ID 5339 | 0.5 |
Direct or coordinate activities concerned with manufacture, construction, installation, maintenance, operation, or modification of electronic equipment, products, or systems.O*NET Task ID 5349 | 0.5 |
Plan or develop applications or modifications for electronic properties used in components, products, or systems to improve technical performance.O*NET Task ID 5351 | 0.5 |
Prepare engineering sketches or specifications for construction, relocation, or installation of equipment, facilities, products, or systems.O*NET Task ID 5352 | 0.5 |
Prepare necessary criteria, procedures, reports, or plans for successful conduct of the project with consideration given to site preparation, facility validation, installation, quality assurance, or testing.O*NET Task ID 5355 | 0.5 |
Investigate green consumer electronics applications for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers.O*NET Task ID 19621 | 0.5 |
Research or develop electronics technologies for use in electric-drive vehicles.O*NET Task ID 19622 | 0.5 |
Research or develop new green electronics technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, or energy efficient televisions.O*NET Task ID 19623 | 0.5 |
Determine project material or equipment needs.O*NET Task ID 20493 | 0.5 |
Evaluate project work to ensure effectiveness, technical adequacy, or compatibility in the resolution of complex electronics engineering problems.O*NET Task ID 20494 | 0.5 |
Analyze electronics system requirements, capacity, cost, or customer needs to determine project feasibility.O*NET Task ID 20495 | 0.5 |
Provide technical support or instruction to staff or customers regarding electronics equipment standards.O*NET Task ID 20499 | 0.5 |
Prepare budget or cost estimates for equipment, construction, or installation projects or control expenditures.O*NET Task ID 20500 | 0.5 |
Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, products, or systems to ensure conformance to specifications, safety standards, or applicable codes or regulations.O*NET Task ID 5346 | 0.0 |
Represent employer at conferences, meetings, boards, panels, committees, or working groups to present, explain, or defend findings or recommendations, negotiate compromises or agreements, or exchange information.O*NET Task ID 5357 | 0.0 |
Confer with engineers, customers, vendors, or others to discuss existing or potential electronics engineering projects or products.O*NET Task ID 20496 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (20)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Design electronic components, software, products, or systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, or scientific applications. | Core |
| Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, products, or systems to ensure conformance to specifications, safety standards, or applicable codes or regulations. | Core |
| Prepare documentation containing information such as confidential descriptions or specifications of proprietary hardware or software, product development or introduction schedules, product costs, or information about product performance weaknesses. | Core |
| Direct or coordinate activities concerned with manufacture, construction, installation, maintenance, operation, or modification of electronic equipment, products, or systems. | Core |
| Develop or perform operational, maintenance, or testing procedures for electronic products, components, equipment, or systems. | Core |
| Prepare, review, or maintain maintenance schedules, design documentation, or operational reports or charts. | Core |
| Determine project material or equipment needs. | Core |
| Evaluate project work to ensure effectiveness, technical adequacy, or compatibility in the resolution of complex electronics engineering problems. | Core |
| Analyze electronics system requirements, capacity, cost, or customer needs to determine project feasibility. | Core |
| Confer with engineers, customers, vendors, or others to discuss existing or potential electronics engineering projects or products. | Core |
| Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks. | Core |
| Recommend repair or design modifications of electronics components or systems, based on factors such as environment, service, cost, or system capabilities. | Core |
| Provide technical support or instruction to staff or customers regarding electronics equipment standards. | Core |
| Plan or develop applications or modifications for electronic properties used in components, products, or systems to improve technical performance. | Supplemental |
| Prepare engineering sketches or specifications for construction, relocation, or installation of equipment, facilities, products, or systems. | Supplemental |
| Prepare necessary criteria, procedures, reports, or plans for successful conduct of the project with consideration given to site preparation, facility validation, installation, quality assurance, or testing. | Supplemental |
| Represent employer at conferences, meetings, boards, panels, committees, or working groups to present, explain, or defend findings or recommendations, negotiate compromises or agreements, or exchange information. | Supplemental |
| Investigate green consumer electronics applications for consumer electronic devices, power saving devices for computers or televisions, or energy efficient power chargers. | Supplemental |
| Research or develop new green electronics technologies, such as lighting, optical data storage devices, or energy efficient televisions. | Supplemental |
| Prepare budget or cost estimates for equipment, construction, or installation projects or control expenditures. | Supplemental |
0.10/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Inspect electronic equipment, instruments, products, or systems to ensure conformance to specifications, safety standards, or applicable codes or regulations. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Develop or perform operational, maintenance, or testing procedures for electronic products, components, equipment, or systems. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 17-2072 group (Electronics engineers, except computer), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 98K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 102K
- Change (2025–35)
- +3.7%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $130,220
- Typical education needed for entry
- Bachelor's degree
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22121 | 통신기기 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 22122 | 통신장비 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23421 | 메모리반도체 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23422 | 시스템반도체 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23431 | 전자제품 개발 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 23432 | 전자계측 제어 기술자 및 연구원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 2152Electronics Engineers
- ISCO-08 2153Telecommunications Engineers
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- electronics engineerESCO 2152.1Same scope
Electronic engineers research, design, and develop electronic systems such as circuits, semiconductor devices, and equipment that use electricity as a source of power. They work with capacitators, transistors, diodes or resistors to create electronic circuits and applications of use in fields such as telecommunications, acoustics, instruments, and control.
- electronics engineering technicianESCO 3114.1This occupation is broader
Electronics engineering technicians work closely with electronics engineers in the development of electronic equipment and devices. Electronics engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, and maintaining electronic devices.
- integrated circuit design engineerESCO 2152.1.6.1This occupation is broader
Integrated circuit design engineers design the layout for integrated circuits according to electronics engineering principles. They use software to create design schematics and diagrams.
- microelectronics engineerESCO 2152.1.6This occupation is broader
Microelectronics engineers design, develop, and supervise the production of small electronic devices and components such as micro-processors and integrated circuits.
- sensor engineerESCO 2152.1.10This occupation is broader
Sensor engineers design and develop sensors, sensor systems and products that are equipped with sensors. They plan and monitor the manufacture of these products.
- sensor engineering technicianESCO 3114.1.9This occupation is broader
Sensor engineering technicians collaborate with sensor engineers in the development of sensors, sensor systems, and products that are equipped with sensors. Their role is to build, test, maintain, and repair the sensor equipment.
- electromagnetic engineerESCO 2151.1.2Overlapping, not the same
Electromagnetic engineers design and develop electromagnetic systems, devices, and components, such as electromagnets in loudspeakers, electromagnetic locks, conducting magnets in MRI's, and magnets in electric motors.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| H1206 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure R&D en industrie | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| H2502 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure de production | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| M1804 | Ingénieur / Ingénieure télécoms et environnement | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2442 | Ingenieros electrónicos | This occupation is broader |
| 2472 | Ingenieros técnicos en electrónica | This occupation is broader |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 26334 | Berufe in der Luftverkehrs-, Schiffs- und Fahrzeugelektronik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 51234 | Berufe in der Flugsicherungstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | This occupation is broaderprovisional |
| 26304 | Berufe in der Elektrotechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 26314 | Berufe in der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Overlapping, not the same |
| 26324 | Berufe in der Mikrosystemtechnik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a match |
| 82534 | Berufe in der Hörgeräteakustik - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 072 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発） | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 082 | 電気・電子・電気通信技術者（通信ネットワーク技術者を除く）（開発を除く） | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources